Assertion-based Approaches to Auditing Complex Elections, with application to party-list proportional elections
Assertion-based Approaches to Auditing Complex Elections, with application to party-list proportional elections
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基于断言的复杂选举审计方法，适用于政党名单比例选举
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-86942-7_4
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Damjan Vukcevic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michelle L. Blom;Jurlind Budurushi;R. Rivest;Philip B. Stark;Peter James Stuckey;Vanessa J. Teague;Damjan Vukcevic
风险限制审计（RLA）是循证选举的一个组成部分，越来越普遍。它们是一种严格的统计手段，可以确保选举结果是正确的，通常不需要进行昂贵的全面重新计票，代价是一些可控的错误概率。最近开发的一种进行RLA的方法，SHANGRLA，提供了一个灵活的框架，可以包括各种各样的社会选择功能和审计战略。它的灵活性来自于将结果正确的充分条件减少到具有简单数学形式的规范“断言”。断言已经被开发用于审计各种社会选择函数，包括复数、多赢家复数、超级多数、汉密尔顿方法和即时决选投票。然而，没有系统的方法来构建断言。在这里，我们表明，断言与线性依赖的转换的选票可以很容易地转换为标准形式的SHANGRLA。我们说明的方法，通过构建断言的政党名单选举，如汉密尔顿自由名单选举和选举使用的D'Hondt方法，扩大了一套社会选择功能，SHANGRLA直接适用。
Risk-limiting audits (RLAs), an ingredient in evidence-based elections, are increasingly common. They are a rigorous statistical means of ensuring that electoral results are correct, usually without having to perform an expensive full recount—at the cost of some controlled probability of error. A recently developed approach for conducting RLAs, SHANGRLA, provides a flexible framework that can encompass a wide variety of social choice functions and audit strategies. Its flexibility comes from reducing sufficient conditions for outcomes to be correct to canonical ‘assertions’ that have a simple mathematical form. Assertions have been developed for auditing various social choice functions including plurality, multi-winner plurality, super-majority, Hamiltonian methods, and instant runoff voting. However, there is no systematic approach to building assertions. Here, we show that assertions with linear dependence on transformations of the votes can easily be transformed to canonical form for SHANGRLA. We illustrate the approach by constructing assertions for party-list elections such as Hamiltonian free list elections and elections using the D’Hondt method, expanding the set of social choice functions to which SHANGRLA applies directly.