Stronger national public health institutes for global health.
Stronger national public health institutes for global health.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62007-7
复制
发表时间：
2010-11-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Koplan JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frieden TR;Koplan JP
虽然加强保健系统日益受到重视，但加强公共卫生系统和机构可以以较低的成本挽救更多的生命。公共卫生机构监测、实施和监督预防疾病的方案。拯救生命和节省费用的方案包括免疫接种、控制传染病，包括腹泻病、减少机动车辆碰撞和烟草控制。在过去十年中，许多国家都考虑、加强或建立了国家公共卫生机构（NPHIs），这通常发生在严重急性呼吸系统综合征爆发等重大事件之后。1，2国家公共卫生机构的核心职能是监测和应对健康威胁。监测需要参考实验室和监测。应对措施要求控制疫情和采取循证公共卫生行动。非传染性疾病和伤害的监测和控制、职业和环境卫生以及人口动态登记（表）。3这些职能可由一个国家的一个以上机构履行，有些国家已合作建立区域机构。有效的公共卫生对策往往需要一个多学科团队，包括传染性和非传染性疾病控制方案所需的技能。例如，应对生物安保威胁涉及传染病、化学危害、工程、环境补救和风险沟通方面的专门知识。
Although strengthening health-care systems is receiving increased attention, strengthening public health systems and institutions could save far more lives at lower cost. Public health institutes monitor, implement, and oversee programmes to prevent disease. Life-saving and cost-saving programmes include immunisations, control of communicable diseases including diarrhoeal disease, reduction of motor-vehicle crashes, and tobacco control. Over the past decade, many countries have considered, strengthened, or created national public health institutes (NPHIs), often following a major event such as the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. 1, 2 The core function of an NPHI is monitoring and responding to health threats. Monitoring requires refer ence laboratories and surveillance. Response requires outbreak control and implementation of evidence-based public health actions. NPHIs can include disease-specific control programmes, support to state, provincial, or local public health entities, surveillance and control for non-communicable diseases and injuries, occupational and environmental health, and vital registration (table). 3 These functions can be done by more than one institution in a country, and some countries have collaborated to establish regional institutions. Effective public health responses often require a multidisciplinary team, including skills needed for communicable and non-communicable disease control programmes. For example, the response to biosecurity threats involves expertise in infectious diseases, chemical hazards, engineering, environmental remediation, and risk communication.