An integrative view of mammalian seasonal neuroendocrinology
An integrative view of mammalian seasonal neuroendocrinology
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DOI：
10.1111/jne.12729
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
de Miera, Cristina Saenz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dardente, Hugues;Wood, Shona;de Miera, Cristina Saenz
季节性神经内分泌周期控制着繁殖活动、能量代谢和毛发生长的年度变化，在温带和极地纬度进化的哺乳动物中几乎无处不在。夜间褪黑激素分泌的变化调节垂体柄结节部（PT）的基因表达是一个重要的共同特点，在季节性哺乳动物。PT向垂体远侧部发送信号以调节催乳素分泌，从而调节年度换羽周期。PT还通过促甲状腺激素以逆行方式向延伸细胞发出信号，延伸细胞排列在下丘脑第三脑室的腹侧壁。伸展细胞在基因表达方面表现出季节性可塑性，并在调节局部甲状腺激素（TH）可用性方面发挥关键作用。在下丘脑的基底内侧，TH的细胞和分子靶点仍然难以捉摸。然而，下丘脑神经元，产生RF-酰胺神经肽kisspeptin和RFRP 3（RF-酰胺相关肽3）的两个人口，是TH和促性腺激素释放激素垂体-性腺轴之间的合理中继。相比之下，TH也影响调节能量摄入和消耗的下丘脑系统的方式仍然未知。在这里，我们回顾了季节性的神经内分泌基础，并确定了几个值得进一步研究的领域。
Seasonal neuroendocrine cycles that govern annual changes in reproductive activity, energy metabolism and hair growth are almost ubiquitous in mammals that have evolved at temperate and polar latitudes. Changes in nocturnal melatonin secretion regulating gene expression in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary stalk are a critical common feature in seasonal mammals. The PT sends signal(s) to the pars distalis of the pituitary to regulate prolactin secretion and thus the annual moult cycle. The PT also signals in a retrograde manner via thyroid-stimulating hormone to tanycytes, which line the ventral wall of the third ventricle in the hypothalamus. Tanycytes show seasonal plasticity in gene expression and play a pivotal role in regulating local thyroid hormone (TH) availability. Within the mediobasal hypothalamus, the cellular and molecular targets of TH remain elusive. However, two populations of hypothalamic neurones, which produce the RF-amide neuropeptides kisspeptin and RFRP3 (RF-amide related peptide 3), are plausible relays between TH and the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-pituitary-gonadal axis. By contrast, the ways by which TH also impinges on hypothalamic systems regulating energy intake and expenditure remain unknown. Here, we review the neuroendocrine underpinnings of seasonality and identify several areas that warrant further research.