Central and Peripheral Cytokines Mediate Immune-Brain Connectivity
Central and Peripheral Cytokines Mediate Immune-Brain Connectivity
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DOI：
10.1007/s11064-010-0252-x
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
del Rey, Adriana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Besedovsky, Hugo O.;del Rey, Adriana
免疫系统是一个稳态系统，有助于维持生物体的分子和细胞成分的恒定性。免疫细胞可以检测到外来抗原的入侵或自身成分的改变，并将有关这种扰动的信息发送到中枢神经系统（CNS），充当受体感觉器官。大脑可以通过发出能够影响免疫反应性的神经/内分泌信号来响应这些信号。因此，免疫系统和其他生理系统一样，都是由大脑控制的。在疾病条件下，当生存的优先顺序发生变化时，免疫系统可以在限定的范围内重置大脑整合的神经内分泌机制，以便以牺牲其他生理系统为代价支持免疫过程。此外，一些最初被认为是免疫产物的细胞因子，如IL-1和IL-6，也在“健康”的大脑中由神经胶质细胞甚至一些神经元产生。这些和其他细胞因子具有影响突触可塑性的能力，充当星形胶质细胞与突触前和突触后神经元之间相互作用的介质，所述突触前和突触后神经元构成实际上被定义为三重突触的东西。由于脑中细胞因子的产生受到外周免疫和中枢神经信号的影响，因此可以想象，三联突触反过来可以充当免疫-CNS通信中的中继系统。
The immune system is a homeostatic system that contributes to maintain the constancy of the molecular and cellular components of the organism. Immune cells can detect the intrusion of foreign antigens or alteration of self-components and send information to the central nervous system (CNS) about this kind of perturbations, acting as a receptor sensorial organ. The brain can respond to such signals by emitting neuro/endocrine signals capable of affecting immune reactivity. Thus, the immune system, as other physiologic systems, is under brain control. Under disease conditions, when priorities for survival change, the immune system can, within defined limits, reset brain-integrated neuro-endocrine mechanisms in order to favour immune processes at the expenses of other physiologic systems. In addition, some cytokines initially conceived as immune products, such as IL-1 and IL-6, are also produced in the "healthy'' brain by glial cells and even by some neurons. These and other cytokines have the capacity to affect synaptic plasticity acting as mediators of interactions between astrocytes and pre- and post-synaptic neurons that constitute what is actually defined as a tripartite synapse. Since the production of cytokines in the brain is affected by peripheral immune and central neural signals, it is conceivable that tripartite synapses can, in turn, serve as a relay system in immune-CNS communication.