A Free Gift Makes No Friends
A Free Gift Makes No Friends
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免费礼物没有朋友
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James Laidlaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James Laidlaw
施维塔巴尔耆那教弃绝者的布施，是对免费赠予这一概念的具体制度化阐述，世界上所有主要宗教都有自己的实例化方式，在北印度语言中用“丹”这个词来表达。这个例子说明了礼物概念内在的矛盾本质，以及为什么将礼物定义为必然的互惠和非异化是错误的。与纯粹的商品一样，纯粹的礼物的特点是它不会在双方之间建立个人联系和义务。这种对礼物的理解，在莫斯中是隐含的，使我们能够解决丹的民族志中明显的悖论，尽管它是一份免费的礼物，但它往往对接受者有害。
The giving of alms to Shvetambar Jain renouncers is a specific institutionalized elaboration of the idea of a free gift, an idea which all the major world religions have their own ways of instantiating, and which in north Indian languages is expressed by the word dan. This example illustrates the inherently paradoxical nature of the idea of a gift, and why it is a mistake to define the gift as necessarily reciprocal and non-alienated. Like the pure commodity, the pure gift is characterized by the fact that it does not create personal connections and obligations between the parties. This understanding of the gift, which is implicit in Mauss, enables us to resolve the apparent paradox in the ethnography of dan, that although it is a free gift it is often harmful to its recipients.