Daily rhythm of oxygen consumption and thermoregulatory responses in some European winter- or summer-acclimatized finches at different ambient temperatures
Daily rhythm of oxygen consumption and thermoregulatory responses in some European winter- or summer-acclimatized finches at different ambient temperatures
复制标题
一些欧洲冬季或夏季适应的雀在不同环境温度下的每日耗氧量和体温调节反应
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Heldmaier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Saarela;B. Klapper;G. Heldmaier
当环境温度从+30 ° C逐步降至-75 °C时，连续记录了欧洲雀、黄雀（Carduelis spinus）、燕雀（Fringilla montifringilla）、红腹灰雀（Pyrhulla pyrhulla）、绿腹灰雀（Carduelis chloris）和山雀（Coccothraustes coccothraustes）的耗氧量。在+30 ° C至-75 °C的环境温度下，同时测量绿雀的耗氧量、体温（遥测）和颤抖（综合胸肌肌电图）。测定了绿翅雀的最大产热量、冷限、临界温度下限、基础代谢率和热导率。在热中性区和热中性区以下，记录了经冬、夏季驯化的黄雀和绿雀耗氧量的日变化。测定了绿翅雀体温和热导率的日变化。产热的日变化是没有季节性或温度依赖的，在黄雀和绿雀。减少夜间耗氧量可使黄雀和绿雀节省15-33%的能量。绿翅雀的体温降低了2.5-3.4°C。绿翅雀的夜间热导率降低了39- 48%。基础代谢率最低的最大的鸟（Hawfinch）和最高的最小的鸟（Siskin）。数值在预期范围内。雀类冬季产热能力为：黄雀4.7倍，荆棘雀4.2倍，绿翅雀3.5倍，红腹灰雀和朱雀2.9倍。黄雀和绿雀的产热能力在夏季没有显著降低。冬季的冷极限温度（°C）在黄雀中为-61.2，在绿雀中为-41.3，在红腹灰雀中为-37.0，在荆棘中为-35.7，在鹰雀中为-28.9。寒限在夏季比冬季高14.3°C，在绿雀中为8.7°C。绿翅雀的保温性能在冬季明显好于夏季。当环境温度降至-40 °C时，绿翅雀的颤抖呈线性增加。寒战的维持与季节一致。在严寒综合胸肌肌电图并没有相关性与耗氧量的预期。讨论了鸟类非颤抖性产热的可能性。它的结论是，驯化的欧洲雀主要是代谢，只有其次受绝缘。
The oxygen consumption of European finches, the siskin (Carduelis spinus), the brambling (Fringilla montifringilla), the bullfinch (Pyrhulla pyrhulla), the greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) and the hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), was recorded continuously while ambient temperature was decreased stepwise from +30 down to-75°C. The oxygen consumption, body temperature (telemetrically), and shivering (integrated pectoral electromyography) of greenfinches were measured simultaneously at ambient temperatures between +30 and-75°C. Maximum heat production, cold limit, lower critical temperature, basal metabolic rate and thermal conductance (of the greenfinch) were determined. The diurnal variation of oxygen consumption of siskins and greenfinches was recorded at thermoneutrality and below the thermoneutral zone in winter- and summer-acclimatized birds. The diurnal variation of body temperature and thermal conductance of greenfinches were also determined. The diurnal variation of heat production was not seasonal or temperature dependent in the siskin and in the greenfinch. Nocturnal reduction of oxygen consumption saved 15–33% energy in the siskin and greenfinch. Body temperature of the greenfinch was lowered by 2.5–3.4°C. The nocturnal reduction of thermal conductance in the greenfinch was 39–48%. The basal metabolic rate was lowest in the largest bird (hawfinch) and highest in the smallest bird (siskin). The values were in the expected range. The heat production capacity of finches in winter was 4.7 times basal metabolic rate in the siskin, 4.2 times in the brambling, 3.5 times in the greenfinch and 2.9 times in the bullfinch and hawfinch. The heat production capacity of the siskin and greenfinch was not significantly lower in summer. The cold limit temperatures (°C) in winter were-61.2 in the siskin,-41.3 in the greenfinch,-37.0 in the bullfinch,-35.7 in the brambling and-28.9 in the hawfinch. The cold limit was 14.3°C higher in summer than in winter in the siskin and 8.7°C in the greenfinch. Thermal insulation of the greenfinch was significantly better in winter than in summer. The shivering of the greenfinch increased linearly when ambient temperature was decreased down to-40°C. Maintenance of shivering was coincident with season. In severe cold integrated pectoral electromyography did not correlate with oxygen consumption as expected. The possible existence of non-shivering thermogenesis in birds is discussed. It is concluded that the acclimatization of European finches is primarily metabolic and only secondly affected by insulation.