Distribution management system including dispersed generation and storage in a liberalized market environment
Distribution management system including dispersed generation and storage in a liberalized market environment
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自由化市场环境下的分布式发电和储能的配电管理系统
DOI：
10.5075/epfl-thesis-4291
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
E. Kägi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Kägi
分配系统正在发生根本性的变化。这是因为预计将在配电层安装大量小型分散发电机组（DG），即中压（MV）和低压（LV）网络[1.1]。这些问题产生于配电网目前的设计特点，配电网不应包括能源。到目前为止，在这一水平上，能源是从批发市场购买的，通过输电系统运输，并通过配电系统交付给客户。该主要目标与配电网运行网络配置、保护和安全评估设计的条件、线路特性以及客户服务类型相兼容。由于配电网严格采用开环模式，没有能源，电流是单向的，因此自上而下的集中管理模式是直接的选择。随着分散能源的引入，电网可能需要加固，电网保护方案应适应双向能量流[1.1，1.2]。在这种情况下，由于插入电网的发电设备的数量，集中处理的信息量将显著增加[1.3]。需要同时收集和处理大量数据，并迅速提供以供进一步处理。随机能源的存在和对通信系统的依赖可能会危及集中式电网运行和供电安全。在这方面，分散的方法是通过在这项研究中的能源管理规划（日前）和在线操作。分散式能源管理系统是使用多智能体的方法。这种方法允许同时整合行为者之间的竞争和合作。它的特点是高度的灵活性和鲁棒性，同时使用最少的数据交换。由于中压/低压级别的发电源容量相对较小，其发电量通常在当地消耗。这种特殊性和树状拓扑结构（馈线与馈线）往往会创建包含一些本地发电对应于本地能源需求的区域。多代理的方法，从而适用于集群的主动分销网络在两个层面上：区域内和区域间，根据原来的定义的区域。该框架为每个集群提供了部分自治权，并允许并行优化和多个独立实体之间的合作。分散化方法已成功地应用于几个配电网问题，如：机组组合和调度，电压剖面控制和停电后的供应恢复。然而，从这项研究中似乎很明显，为了保持适当的系统运行，应该保持适当的集中程度。
Distribution systems are now fundamentally changing. This is due to the fact that a lot of small size dispersed generation units (DG) are expected to be installed at the distribution level, that is, in the medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) networks [1.1]. The problems arise from the current design features of distribution networks, which were not supposed to include energy sources. At this level, until now, the energy is bought from the wholesale market, transported through a transmission system and delivered to the customers through a distribution system. This primary objective is compatible with the arborescent operational network configuration, the conditions of protection and security assessment design, the wire characteristics, and also the type of customer service. Since the distribution grid is used strictly in open-loop mode and has no energy sources, the currents are unidirectional and consequently the top-down centralized management model is the strait-forward choice. With the introduction of dispersed energy resources, the network may need reinforcement and the grid protection schemes should be adapted to bidirectional energy flows [1.1, 1.2]. In this case, the amount of information to be treated centrally would grow considerably [1.3], due to the number of generation equipments inserted into the grid. Large amounts of data would need to be collected, treated simultaneously and provided quickly for further processing. The presence of stochastic energy sources and the reliance on the communication system could compromise the centralized grid operation and the security of supply. In this respect, the decentralized approach is adopted in this study to both energy management planning (day-ahead) and on-line operation. The decentralized energy management system is built using a multi-agent approach. This approach allows for the simultaneous integration of competition and collaboration among the actors. It is characterized by a high flexibility and robustness, while using minimum data exchange. Since generation sources at the MV/LV level are of relatively small capacity, their generation is normally consumed locally. This specificity and the arborescent topology (feeders with laterals) tend to create zones containing some local generation corresponding to local energy needs. The multi-agent approach is thus applied to clusters of active distribution networks at two levels: intrazonal and interzonal, based on an original definition of zones. This framework offers a partial autonomy to each cluster and allows for parallel optimization and for cooperation among several independent entities. The decentralized approach was successfully applied to several distribution network problems, such as: unit commitment and dispatch, voltage profile control and supply restoration after a blackout. It seems however evident from this study that an appropriate centralization degree should be preserved in order to maintain an adequate system operation.