Daily living skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder from 2 to 21years of age
Daily living skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder from 2 to 21years of age
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DOI：
10.1177/1362361315575840
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Lord, Catherine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bal, Vanessa Hus;Kim, So-Hyun;Lord, Catherine
日常生活技能（DLS），如个人卫生，做饭和理财，对独立生活很重要。研究表明，许多自闭症谱系障碍患者在日常生活技能方面表现出与其认知能力相关的缺陷。本研究考察了日常生活技能获得的预测因素和日常生活技能的发展轨迹，这是一个纵向样本，涉及到可能的自闭症谱系障碍，从2岁到21岁。与之前的研究一致，自闭症谱系障碍和非谱系诊断的参与者在整个童年和青春期都表现出日常生活技能的持续发展。对两个诊断组来说，儿童早期非语言心理年龄是日常生活技能获得的最强预测因子。基于群体的模型显示自闭症谱系障碍参与者的日常生活技能发展有两条不同的轨迹。两组患有自闭症谱系障碍的年轻人的技能水平都远远低于预期的年龄水平。从T2到T21，高dls组的日常生活技能提高了大约12年，而低dls组的日常生活技能在16到19年的研究期间提高了3-4年。非语言心理年龄、接受性语言和2岁时的社会沟通障碍预测高dls与低dls的群体成员关系。3岁前接受超过20小时父母实施的干预也与日常生活技能轨迹有关。研究结果表明，日常生活技能应该是自闭症谱系障碍患者治疗计划的重点，尤其是过渡到青年期的青少年。
Daily living skills (DLS), such as personal hygiene, meal preparation, and money management, are important to independent living. Research suggests that many individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibit impairments in daily living skills relative to their cognitive skills. This study examined predictors of daily living skills attainment and trajectories of daily living skills in a longitudinal sample referred for possible autism spectrum disorder and followed from 2 to 21years of age. Consistent with previous studies, participants with autism spectrum disorder and nonspectrum diagnoses showed continual development of daily living skills throughout childhood and adolescence. Early childhood nonverbal mental age was the strongest predictor of daily living skills attainment for both diagnostic groups. Group-based modeling suggested two distinct trajectories of daily living skills development for participants with autism spectrum disorder. Skill levels for both groups of young adults with autism spectrum disorder remained considerably below age level expectations. Whereas the High-DLS group gained approximately 12years in daily living skills from T2 to T21, the Low-DLS group's daily living skills improved 3-4years over the 16- to 19-year study period. Nonverbal mental age, receptive language, and social-communication impairment at 2years predicted High- versus Low-DLS group membership. Receiving greater than 20h of parent-implemented intervention before age 3 was also associated with daily living skills trajectory. Results suggest that daily living skills should be a focus of treatment plans for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, particularly adolescents transitioning to young adulthood.