Roles of the conjunctiva in ocular drug delivery: a review of conjunctival transport mechanisms and their regulation
Roles of the conjunctiva in ocular drug delivery: a review of conjunctival transport mechanisms and their regulation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.12.007
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Kim, KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hosoya, K;Lee, VHL;Kim, KJ
结膜起着许多作用，包括保护眼表，生产泪膜，以及药物清除（取决于药物性质）进入体循环或将药物运输到眼睛深部组织的管道。结膜是一种中等紧致的上皮，具有多种运输过程，用于维持结膜表面和泪膜内离子、溶质和水的稳态。结膜中离子转运的调节导致经结膜液体流动的改变，这可能对治疗眼部干眼状态有用。结膜作为一种可能的药物输送途径，由于其比角膜表面积更大，并且表达了几个关键的运输过程，因此结膜是一种有吸引力的途径。除了体液中常见的离子外，眼泪还含有d -葡萄糖和许多氨基酸。结膜中表达了几种离子偶联溶质转运过程，用于吸收氨基酸、d -葡萄糖、单羧酸盐、核苷和二肽。由于这些转运过程的丰富禀赋，药物通过结膜转运到眼内组织可能变得相当可行。结膜下注射微颗粒和基质材料（允许药物持续释放）被证明可以在玻璃体中维持合理水平的各种药物，这可能证明结膜本身可能作为眼部药物输送的多重运输屏障的一部分。此外，已经研究了几种结膜入路来优化干眼综合征和眼内疾病的治疗，并且在未来几年可以完成更多。(c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Conjunctiva plays many roles including protection of ocular surface, production of tear film, and a conduit for drug clearance (depending on drug properties) into the systemic circulation or for drug transport to the deep tissues of the eye. The conjunctiva, which is a moderately tight epithelium, endowed with various transport processes for the homeostasis of ions, solutes, and water in the conjunctival surface and tear film. Modulation of ion transport in the conjunctiva leads to alterations in transconjunctival fluid flow that may become useful for treatment of dry-eye state in the eye. As a possible drug delivery route to the posterior portion of the eye, conjunctiva is an attractive route due to both larger surface area than that of cornea and expression of several key transport processes. Tear contains D-glucose and many amino acids, in addition to the usual ions in the body fluids. Several ion-coupled solute transport processes for absorption of amino acids, D-glucose, monocarboxylate, nucleosides, and dipeptides are expressed in the conjunctiva. Thanks to the rich endowment of these transport processes, drug transport across the conjunctiva into the intraocular tissues may become quite feasible. Subconjunctival injection of microparticles and matrix materials (which allows sustained release of drugs) is shown to maintain reasonable levels of various drugs in the vitreous, perhaps attesting to the fact that conjunctiva per se may contribute as a part of multiple transport barrier(s) in ocular drug delivery. In addition, several conjunctival approaches have been investigated to optimize treatment of dry-eye syndrome and intraocular diseases, and more can be accomplished in the coming years. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.