Priming Seeds with Indole and (Z)-3-Hexenyl Acetate Enhances Resistance Against Herbivores and Stimulates Growth
Priming Seeds with Indole and (Z)-3-Hexenyl Acetate Enhances Resistance Against Herbivores and Stimulates Growth
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-022-01359-1
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发表时间：
2022-04-08
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Frost, Christopher J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maurya, Abhinav K.;Pazouki, Leila;Frost, Christopher J.
植物生态学的一个显著特征是植物通过引发或直接激活对未来食草动物的防御来检测和响应环境线索（例如食草动物诱导的植物挥发物（HIPVs））的能力。然而，种子是否也对HIPV混合物的常见成分的化合物产生反应并引发未来的植物抗性尚不清楚。考虑到种子依赖于其他环境线索，以确定基本的生存性状，如发芽时间，我们预测，种子暴露于HIPV混合物的合成成分将产生良好的防御植物。我们使用来自两个饲养群体的食草动物研究了种子暴露于常见挥发物对模式植物拟南芥和截形苜蓿生长、繁殖和抗性特征的影响。在种子划痕和春化后，我们用七种不同的植物来源的挥发性化合物中的一种处理种子24小时。然后使种子发芽，并测定所得植物的生长、草食动物抗性和诱导型防御基因的表达。在所有测试的合成挥发物中，吲哚特异性地降低了两种甜菜夜蛾在A.拟南芥和豌豆蚜在M.蒺藜防御基因的诱导不受影响种子暴露于吲哚在任何植物物种，表明直接电阻，而不是诱导电阻的激活是种子引发操作的机制。此外，无论是植物物种种子暴露于任何合成挥发性对营养和生殖生长的任何负面影响。相反，M。与对照相比，来自暴露于（Z）-3-己醇和（Z）-3-乙酸己烯酯的种子的蒺藜植物生长得更大。我们的研究结果表明，种子是敏感的特定挥发物的方式，提高电阻配置文件没有明显的成本方面的增长。HIPV引发种子可能代表了植物与植物相互作用的一种新的生态机制，在农业和种子保护中具有广泛的应用潜力。
A striking feature of plant ecology is the ability of plants to detect and respond to environmental cues such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) by priming or directly activating defenses against future herbivores. However, whether seeds also respond to compounds that are common constituents of HIPV blends and initiate future plant resistance is unknown. Considering that seeds depend on other environmental cues to determine basic survival traits such as germination timing, we predicted that seeds exposed to synthetic constituents of HIPV blends would generate well-defended plants. We investigated the effect of seed exposure to common volatiles on growth, reproduction, and resistance characteristics in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula using herbivores from two feeding guilds. After seed scarification and vernalization, we treated seeds with one of seven different plant-derived volatile compounds for 24 h. Seeds were then germinated and the resulting plants were assayed for growth, herbivore resistance, and expression of inducible defense genes. Of all the synthetic volatiles tested, indole specifically reduced both beet armyworm growth on A. thaliana and pea aphid fecundity on M. truncatula. The induction of defense genes was not affected by seed exposure to indole in either plant species, indicating that activation of direct resistance rather than inducible resistance is the mechanism by which seed priming operates. Moreover, neither plant species showed any negative effect of seed exposure to any synthetic volatile on vegetative and reproductive growth. Rather, M. truncatula plants derived from seeds exposed to (Z)-3-hexanol and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate grew larger compared to controls. Our results indicate that seeds are sensitive to specific volatiles in ways that enhance resistance profiles with no apparent costs in terms of growth. Seed priming by HIPVs may represent a novel ecological mechanism of plant-to-plant interactions, with broad potential applications in agriculture and seed conservation.