A 24 μW, Batteryless, Crystal-free, Multinode Synchronized SoC "Bionode" for Wireless Prosthesis Control
A 24 μW, Batteryless, Crystal-free, Multinode Synchronized SoC "Bionode" for Wireless Prosthesis Control
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DOI：
10.1109/jssc.2015.2480854
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Irazoqui, Pedro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhamra, Hansraj;Kim, Young-Joon;Irazoqui, Pedro
我们提出了一种无电池，无晶体，时分多址（TDMA）同步多节点无线身体传感器节点（WBSN）片上系统（SoC），称为Bionode，连续和实时遥测肌电图（EMG），使直观的上肢假肢截肢者控制。该SoC采用了超电容RF能量收集、生物传感模拟前端、开关优化SAR ADC、超低功耗RF收发器和时钟电路的最新技术。通过使用超低功耗TDMA控制器和接收器以及数字核心电路，传感器节点SoC与安装在假肢上的基站进行时间同步。利用915 MHz广播RF信号来合成发射机的载波频率。这沿着工艺和电压补偿的片上时钟消除了对大体积晶体振荡器的需要，从而为WBSN提供了低成本和高度集成的解决方案。SoC通过从健康人体捕获EMG数据进行验证，并且仅消耗24 μ W，同时仅从所收集的RF能量进行操作。该芯片采用0.18 μ mCMOS工艺，硅面积为2.025mm2.传感器节点具有极低的重量和物理尺寸，这要归功于柔性碳纳米管（CNT）超级电容器、电小天线（ESA）和SoC的无晶体操作。
We present a batteryless, crystal-free, time division multiple access (TDMA) synchronized multinode wireless body sensor node (WBSN) system-on-chip (SoC), referred to as a Bionode, for continuous and real-time telemetry of electromyograms (EMGs), enabling intuitive upper limb prosthesis control by an amputee. The SoC utilizes state of the art in supercapacitive RF energy harvesting, biosensing analog-front-end, switching-optimized SAR ADC, ultra-low-power RF transceiver, and clock circuits. The sensor node SoCs are time synchronized with a base station, mounted on the prosthetic arm, by using the ultra-low-power TDMA controller and receiver, and the digital core circuits. A 915 MHz broadcast RF signal is utilized to synthesize the carrier frequency of the transmitter. This along with the process and voltage compensated on-chip clock obviates the need for a bulky crystal oscillator, thus providing a low-cost and highly integrated solution to the WBSNs. The SoC is verified by capturing the EMG data from a healthy human body and consumes only 24 mu W, while operating exclusively from the harvested RF energy. Implemented in a 0.18 mu m CMOS process, the SoC occupies 2.025 mm(2) silicon area. The sensor node has an extremely low weight and physical dimensions, thanks to the flexible carbon nanotube (CNT) supercapacitor, electrically small antenna (ESA), and crystal-free operation of the SoC.