A proposed new approach for groundwater resources assessment in India
A proposed new approach for groundwater resources assessment in India
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印度地下水资源评估的拟议新方法
DOI：
10.1007/s12594-016-0498-2
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
R. K. Ray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Chatterjee;R. K. Ray
印度地下水资源评估以国家水政策（1987 年、2002 年）为指导，该政策规定地下水资源只能在其补给限度内开采。印度地下水资源评估的方法主要基于 1997 年《地下水资源估算方法》，涉及对年度可补充地下水资源（补给）、年度地下水消耗（利用）和补给利用百分比（开发阶段）的评估。评估单元（区块/流域）根据地下水开发（利用）阶段和长期水位趋势进行分类。目前的方法虽然有助于确定地下水管理区域并确定其优先顺序，但未能解决几个关键问题，例如含水层内地下水可用性的空间和时间变化、地下水资源的可及性和地下水质量。考虑到上述问题，本文提出了一种新的分类方案。拟议的计划考虑了四个标准，即。 (i) 开采阶段，(ii) 可提取性因素，(iii) 时间可用性因素和 (iv) 质量因素。与现有的分类方法相比，所提出的方法更具包容性。该方法也同样适用于冲积层和硬岩地形，因为它考虑到了不同类型含水层的可变特征以及定量和定性评估的收敛性。这里提出的分类涉及基于 GIS 的不同参数/主题的集成。这可以更好地表示空间变异性。本文通过印度中部硬岩地形的案例研究论证了所提出的方法。
Assessment of groundwater resources in India is guided by National Water Policy (1987, 2002) which states that groundwater resources can be exploited only up to its recharge limit. The methodology for groundwater resources assessment in India is broadly based on Ground Water Resources Estimation Methodology, 1997 and it involves assessment of annual replenishable groundwater resources (recharge), annual groundwater draft (utilization) and the percentage of utilization with respect to recharge (stage of development). The assessment units (blocks/watersheds) are categorized based on stage of groundwater development (utilization) and the long term water level trend. The present methodology though useful in identification and prioritization of areas for groundwater management, falls short of addressing several critical issues like spatial and temporal variation of groundwater availability within the aquifer, accessibility of groundwater resources and quality of groundwater. This paper introduces a new categorisation scheme considering the above issues. The proposed scheme takes into account four criteria, viz. (i) stage of exploitation, (ii) extractability factor, (iii) temporal availability factor and (iv) quality factor. In comparison to the existing method used for categorisation, the proposed approach is more inclusive. The methodology is also equally suitable for both alluvial and hard rock terrain since it takes into consideration the variable characteristics of different types of aquifers and convergence of quantitative and qualitative assessment. The categorisation proposed here involves GIS based integration of different parameters/ themes. This allows better representation of spatial variability. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in this paper taking a case study from a hard rock terrain in central India.