Bringing Raunkiær with plant architecture: unveiling the climatic drivers of architectural evolution in Euphorbia
Bringing Raunkiær with plant architecture: unveiling the climatic drivers of architectural evolution in Euphorbia
复制标题
将劳恩基尔与植物建筑结合起来：揭示大戟建筑进化的气候驱动因素
DOI：
10.1111/nph.17446
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Chomicki G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chomicki G
植物的生长形式一直令博物学家和植物学家着迷。在《植物史》（公元前350年）中，泰奥弗拉斯特斯区分了草本植物、灌木和树木。从那时起，出版了许多分类方案，其中包括丹麦植物生态学家Raunkiær（1934年）制定的分类方案，该方案成为最广泛接受的分类方案。作为一名生态学家，Raunkiær将他的分类系统建立在多年生芽在不利季节（寒冷或干燥）的位置上。因此，Raunkiær描述了与生态性能密切相关的生长形式。然而，他的方法只考虑了完全发育的植物，而忽略了植物轴的组织方式。在20世纪70年代，一种新的方法——植物建筑分析——诞生了（hall<e:1> & Oldeman, 1970; hall<e:1>等人，1978）。该方法旨在破译植物轴线在整个发育过程中的拓扑结构，并确定了24种可以描述大多数维管植物的建筑模型。这一新的学科出现在热带地区，那里有大量不同结构的树木共存于同一环境中。因此，气候在塑造植物结构方面是一种重要的进化力量，这一点并不明显。通讯到GC)。在本期《新植物学家》中，Anest等人（2021；第1278-1295页）采用了一种不同寻常的综合方法，包括建筑分析、系统发育方法和气候模型，以破译物种丰富的大戟属建筑进化的驱动因素。Anestet等人生成了一个非常令人印象深刻的数据集，其中包含193个大戟物种的73个建筑特征，主要是根据照片数据对特征进行评分。然后，作者建立了一个时间树来提供一个进化框架，并利用所有物种的气候数据来测试建筑进化的潜在驱动因素。大大麻属似乎是这种努力的一个极好的模式分支，因为它的2000多个物种分布在所有大陆（南极洲除外），从沙漠到雨林，从苔原到大草原，并表现出广泛的生长形式（图1）。在对193种大戟属植物的建筑特征进行评分后，Anest等人在该属中确定了14种建筑类型。这些建筑类型代表了建筑特征的特定组合，例如它们所承载的轴类别的数量、生长方向或（in）确定性（图1）。这些架构既不是均匀分布在Euphorbia所在的所有环境中
Plant growth forms have long fascinated naturalists and botanists. In Historia Plantarum (c. 350 BC), Theophrastus distinguished between herbs, shrubs and trees. Many classification schemes have been published since then, including the one developed by the Danish plant ecologist Raunkiær (1934), which became the most widely accepted. As an ecologist, Raunkiær based his classification system on the position of perennating buds during the adverse season (cold or dry). Raunkiær thus characterized growth forms strong linked to ecological performance. His approach, however, considered only the fully developed plant and ignored the way in which plant axes were organized. In the 1970s, a new approach–plant architectural analysis–was born (Hallé & Oldeman, 1970; Hallé et al., 1978). This approach aimed to decipher the topology of the plant axis throughout its development and identified 24 architectural models that could describe the majority of vascular plants. This new discipline arose in the tropics where a large number of trees with different architectures coexist in the same environment. As such, it was not obvious that climate was an important evolutionary force in shaping plant architecture (F. Hallé, pers. comm. to GC). In this issue of New Phytologist, Anest et al.(2021; pp. 1278–1295) use an unusually integrative approach involving architectural analysis, phylogenetic methods and climatic modelling to decipher the drivers of architectural evolution in the species-rich genus Euphorbia.Anestet al. generated a very impressive dataset of 73 architectural traits for 193 Euphorbia species, mostly scoring traits from photographic data. The authors then built a time-tree to provide an evolutionary framework, and harnessed climatic data for all species to test for potential drivers of architectural evolution. The genus Euphorbia appears to be an excellent model clade for such endeavour, as its 2000+ species are distributed across all continents (except Antarctica), from deserts to rainforests, and tundra to savannah, and exhibit a wide array of growth forms (Fig. 1). After scoring architectural traits for the 193 Euphorbia species, Anest et al. identify 14 architectural types within the genus. These architectural types represent particular combinations of architectural traits, such as the number of axes categories they bear, growth orientation or (in) determinacy (Fig. 1). These architectures are neither distributed evenly across all environments where Euphorbia