Status of Tree Snails (Gastropoda: Partulidae) on Guam, with a Resurvey of Sites Studied by H. E. Campton in 1920
Status of Tree Snails (Gastropoda: Partulidae) on Guam, with a Resurvey of Sites Studied by H. E. Campton in 1920
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关岛树蜗牛（腹足纲：Partulidae）的状况，以及对 H. E. Campton 1920 年研究地点的重新调查
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Barry D. Smith
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作者：
D. Hopper;Barry D. Smith
自第二次世界大战以来，关岛上的树螺科的树螺数量已经减少。一种原产于西太平洋的树螺，Partu/a Radio/ata，在该岛南部地区的溪流中仍然很常见。马里亚纳岛特有的Samoanajagilis存在，但在关岛的任何地方都没有大量发现。Paru/a Gibba是马里亚纳州的另一种地方病，目前仅在西北海岸的一个孤立的沿海山谷中发现，而且似乎处于衰落状态。关岛特有的部分/a Sa/ifana在以前研究人员以前收集到的地区没有发现，因此被认为已经灭绝。这些钉螺的减少和灭绝与人类活动有关。最重要的一个因素可能是蜗牛的捕食，这些蜗牛是作为非洲巨型蜗牛的生防剂引入的。目前最严重的威胁可能是引入的扁虫P/atydemus manokwari。这种扁虫也可能是关岛其他本地和引进腹足类灭绝的原因，也可能是对马里亚纳科的最大威胁。1970年)。除了社会群岛的Parulidys外，所有的都缺乏研究。关于马里亚纳群岛特有和本地蜗牛的最广泛的研究是由早期的探险家进行的，例如1817-1820年的法国Freycinet探险队。雅培在1945年和兰福德在1946年分别收藏的更多最近的藏品被收藏在美国国家自然历史博物馆。Kondo(1970年)和Easley(1970年)根据太平洋科学委员会1949年对非洲巨型蜗牛Achat inaju/ICA进行调查期间收集的标本，提供了关于Mariana partulidys生物学的进一步信息。1920年，克兰普顿对马里亚纳群岛的半球体进行了最全面的研究。在两个月的研究中，克兰普顿能够在关岛和北部塞班岛(程度较小的情况下)收集到帕图里达科的标本。Crampton的发现发表在马里亚纳群岛的Partulidae专著(Crampton 1925)上。自第二次世界大战以来，关岛和塞班岛都经历了广泛的环境动荡。最近的经济发展771号贡献，关岛大学海洋实验室。1991年4月8日接受手稿。2关岛大学海洋实验室，UOG站，曼吉劳，关岛96923。自从大洋洲的早期探索以来，热带太平洋岛屿的树蜗牛一直是人们感兴趣的对象，并被证明是生物学家和进化生物学家的有用课题(Crampton 1916,1925,1932，Clarke和Murray 1969，Johnson等人)。1977、1986、Hadfield和Mountain 1980、Murray和Clarke 1980、1984、Hadfield 1986、Hadfield和Miller 1988)。最近的工作主要集中在保护这些蜗牛(克拉克，珀斯)。通信。)由于各种原因，它们从以前的射程中消失(Hart 1978；Kondo，Pers.Comm，1980；Tillier和Clarke 1983，Clarke等人。1984年，Hadfield，1986年，Murray等人。1988年，梅多斯1989年)。这些工作大多集中在夏威夷无刺蜗牛和法属波利尼西亚的Partulidae上。然而，在大洋洲广泛分布着树螺科的树螺，据报道有五种来自西太平洋的马里亚纳群岛(Crampton 1925，Kondo 1968，
Tree snails of the family Partulidae have declined on Guam since World War II. One species, indigenous to the western Pacific, Partu/a radio/ata, is still locally common along stream courses in southern areas of the island. The Mariana Island endemic Samoanajragilis is present but not found in abundance anywhere on Guam. Partu/a gibba, another Mariana endemic, is currently known only from one isolated coastal valley along the northwestern coast, and appears to be in a state of decline. The Guam endemic Partu/a sa/ifana was not found in areas where it had been previously collected by earlier researchers, and is thus believed to be extinct. The decline and extinction of these snails are related to human activities. The single most important factor is likely predation by snails that were introduced as biological control agents for the giant African snail, Achatina ju/ica. The current, most serious threat is probably the introduced flatworm P/atydemus manokwari. This flatworm is also the likely cause of extinctions of other native and introduced gastropods on Guam and may be the most important threat to the Mariana Partulidae. 1970). With the exception of the partulids of the Society Islands, all are lacking study. The most extensive studies that addressed the endemic and native snails of the Mariana Islands were conducted by early explorers, such as those of the French Freycinet expedition of 1817-1820. More recent collections made by Abbott in 1945 and Langford in 1946 are housed in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History. Kondo (1970) and Easley (1970) provided further information about the biology of the Mariana partulids, based on specimens collected during the Pacific Science Board's survey for the giant African snail, Achatinaju/ica, in 1949. The most comprehensive study of the partulids of the Marianas was conducted in 1920 by H. E. Crampton. In 2 months of study, Crampton was able to collect specimens of Partulidae on the island of Guam and, to a lesser extent, on Saipan to the north. Crampton's findings were published in a monograph of the Partulidae of the Mariana Islands (Crampton 1925). Both Guam and Saipan have undergone extensive environmental disturbance since World War II. Recent economic development 77 1 Contribution No. 306, University of Guam Marine Laboratory. Manuscript accepted 8 April 1991. 2 Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923. TREE SNAILS OF TROPICAL PACIFIC islands have been of interest since early exploration of Oceania and have proven to be useful subjects to organismal and evolutionary biologists (Crampton 1916, 1925, 1932, Clarke and Murray 1969, Johnson et al. 1977, 1986, Hadfield and Mountain 1980, Murray and Clarke 1980, 1984, Hadfield 1986, Hadfield and Miller 1988). Recent work has focused largely on the conservation of these snails (Clarke, pers. comm.) as they disappear from their former ranges for a variety of reasons (Hart 1978; Kondo, pers. comm, 1980; Tillier and Clarke 1983, Clarke et al. 1984, Hadfield 1986, Murray et al. 1988, Meadows 1989). Most of this work has been concentrated on the Hawaiian achatinelline snails and the Partulidae of French Polynesia. However, tree snails of the family Partulidae are widely distributed in Oceania, with five species reported from the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific (Crampton 1925, Kondo 1968,