The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status.
The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-022-18087-x
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发表时间：
2022-08-16
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Zhong, Jieming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Du, Xiaofu;Fang, Le;Xu, Jianwei;Chen, Xiangyu;Bai, Yamin;Wu, Jing;Wu, Lin;Zhong, Jieming
了解钠、钾摄入水平与高血压、对盐的知识、态度和行为（KAB）之间的关系，以及有效减钠补钾以达到抑制高血压目的的承诺。采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法，通过浙江省减盐预防高血压项目（SRHPP） 2017-2018年的横断面调查，获得具有代表性的省级样本7512名18-69岁的居民。筛查包括人口统计学、人体测量学、盐相关KAB和物理测量，并收集和测试约1/5参与者的24小时尿液。平均年龄44.8岁，50.1%为女性，44.0%居住在城市地区，高血压或高血压前期约占35.0%。24h尿钠、钾排泄量分别为3848.5 (1661.1)mg/d和1491.1 (710.9)mg/d。KAB在城市地区普遍优于农村地区，女性优于男性，最佳血压组优于其他两组（P < 0.05）。限盐勺、低钠盐和营养标签的认知度和正确使用率较低。多变量线性回归模型表明，KAB对钠（2个促进减钠有效指标）的影响较小，对钾（6个促进补钾有效指标）的影响较大，且主要集中在知识和行为指标上。多变量logistic回归模型表明，掌握更多的知识并采取积极的措施，即使个体已经处于高血压前期，也能有效减少向高血压的过渡。中国人群与盐有关的KAB还有很大的改善空间。明确的关联表明KAB可以帮助减少钠和补充钾，特别是钾，并有助于抑制高血压的发展。信念在KAB中的作用应该像知识和行为一样得到充分的重视和提升。本研究为中国实现减盐和预防高血压的目标提供了重要的证据和见解。
To understand the association between sodium and potassium consumption levels, hypertension and knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KAB) toward salt and the commitment to effective sodium reduction and potassium supplementation to achieve the purpose of suppressing hypertension. A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to obtain a representative provincial sample of 7512 residents aged 18–69 years through a cross-sectional survey by the Salt Reduction and Hypertension Prevention Project (SRHPP) in Zhejiang Province of China in 2017–2018. A screening including demographic, anthropometric, salt-related KAB and physical measurements was implemented, and 24-h urine of approximately 1/5 of the participants was collected and tested. The mean age was 44.8 years, 50.1% were women, 44.0% lived in urban areas, and hypertension or prehypertension accounted for approximately 35.0%. The mean 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion were 3848.5 (1661.1) mg/d and 1491.1 (710.9) mg/d, respectively. KAB in urban areas was generally more favorable than in rural areas, women were better than men, and the optimal blood pressure group was better than the other two groups (P < 0.05). However, the awareness and correct use rate of salt-restricted spoons, low-sodium salt and nutrition labeling were lower. A multivariable linear regression model indicated that KAB had a smaller effect on sodium (two indicators effective for promoting sodium reduction) and a greater effect on potassium (six indicators effective for promoting potassium supplementation) and mainly focused on knowledge and behavior indicators. A multivariable logistic regression model indicated that mastering more knowledge and taking active measures could effectively reduce the transition to hypertension, even if the individual was already in prehypertension. There is much room for improvement of salt-related KAB in the Chinese population. A clear association indicates that KAB can help to reduce sodium and supplement potassium, especially potassium, and help to suppress the development of hypertension. The role of beliefs in KAB should be fully valued and improved, similar to knowledge and behaviors. This study provides important evidence and insight into China’s efforts to meet the targets of salt reduction and hypertension prevention.
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