Kin-based cultural transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees
Kin-based cultural transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees
复制标题
野生黑猩猩工具使用的基于亲属的文化传播
作者：
Noemie Lamon;Christof Neumann;T. Gruber;K. Zuberbühler
获得一种新的饮水工具行为在野生黑猩猩的家庭中传播文化。目前关于动物文化的研究主要集中在对社会传播行为的多样性进行分类，以及维持其传播的社会学习机制。相比之下，人们对野生动物群体创新后文化行为的持久性知之甚少。我们提供了观察数据和野外实验，旨在解决这个问题在一个野生黑猩猩社区，利用一种新的工具行为，苔藓海绵，这是在2011年自然出现在社区。我们发现，3年后，苔藓海绵在出现后不久就在获得这种行为的个体中仍然存在，并且它已经进一步传播到其他社区成员。我们的野外实验表明，这种二次辐射和苔藓海绵的固结是通过母系传播的结果，而不是以前记录的在初始队列中基于联合的传播。我们的结论是，野生黑猩猩文化行为的传播遵循一种顺序结构，即最初基于接近的水平传播，然后是基于亲缘的垂直传播。
The acquisition of a novel tool behavior to drink water spreads culturally through families in wild chimpanzees. Current research on animal culture has focused strongly on cataloging the diversity of socially transmitted behaviors and on the social learning mechanisms that sustain their spread. Comparably less is known about the persistence of cultural behavior following innovation in groups of wild animals. We present observational data and a field experiment designed to address this question in a wild chimpanzee community, capitalizing on a novel tool behavior, moss-sponging, which appeared naturally in the community in 2011. We found that, 3 years later, moss-sponging was still present in the individuals that acquired the behavior shortly after its emergence and that it had spread further to other community members. Our field experiment suggests that this secondary radiation and consolidation of moss-sponging is the result of transmission through matrilines, in contrast to the previously documented, association-based spread among the initial cohort. We conclude that the spread of cultural behavior in wild chimpanzees follows a sequential structure of initial proximity-based, horizontal transmission, followed by kin-based vertical transmission.