1974: the discovery of the first binary pulsar
1974: the discovery of the first binary pulsar
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1974年：发现第一颗双脉冲星
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
T. Damour
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作者：
T. Damour
1974年，罗素·A·赫尔斯和约瑟夫·H·泰勒发现了第一颗脉冲双星PSR B 1913 +16，为相对论引力的研究开辟了新的可能性。PSR B1913+16和其他几颗双星系统提供了直接的观测证据，证明引力以光速传播，并具有四极结构。双星系统还提供了相对论引力强场区的精确测试。广义相对论已经出色地通过了所有的脉冲双星测试。双星的发现对天体物理学也有非常重要的影响，导致了中子星星质量的精确测量，提高了对双星共同演化的可能演化情景的理解，并证明了在辐射强烈引力波信号的灾难性事件中合并之前，存在发射引力波的双星。也可能导致电磁辐射和中微子的重要排放。本文回顾了第一颗脉冲双星的发现历史，描述了它对相对论引力理论和实验研究的直接影响和长期影响。
The 1974 discovery, by Russell A Hulse and Joseph H Taylor, of the first binary pulsar, PSR B1913+16, opened up new possibilities for the study of relativistic gravity. PSR B1913+16, as well as several other binary pulsars, provided direct observational proof that gravity propagates at the velocity of light and has a quadrupolar structure. Binary pulsars also provided accurate tests of the strong-field regime of relativistic gravity. General relativity has passed all of the binary pulsar tests with flying colors. The discovery of binary pulsars also had very important consequences for astrophysics, leading to accurate measurement of neutron star masses, improved understanding of the possible evolution scenarios for the co-evolution of binary stars, and proof of the existence of binary neutron stars emitting gravitational waves for hundreds of millions of years, before coalescing in catastrophic events radiating intense gravitational wave signals, and probably also leading to important emissions of electromagnetic radiation and neutrinos. This article reviews the history of the discovery of the first binary pulsar, and describes both its immediate impact and its longer-term effect on theoretical and experimental studies of relativistic gravity.