The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis
The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/133.1.261s
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Layman, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Layman, DK
关于成人维持体重或减肥的大量营养素的最佳平衡的争论继续扩大。这场辩论通常集中在碳水化合物和脂肪的相对优点或风险上；然而，人们对减肥的最佳饮食蛋白质水平越来越感兴趣。据报道，碳水化合物/蛋白质比例降低的饮食有利于减肥，尽管饮食研究似乎缺乏支持更高蛋白质摄入量的基本假设。目前，膳食蛋白质的需要量是通过每日推荐摄入量(RDA)确定的，这是维持氮平衡所必需的最低蛋白质水平。RDA定义了氨基酸作为身体蛋白质合成底物的主要用途。新出现的证据表明，某些氨基酸的额外代谢作用需要血浆和细胞内水平高于蛋白质合成的最低需要。支链氨基酸亮氨酸是一种具有多种代谢作用的氨基酸，其作用与细胞浓度成比例。本文综述了目前对亮氨酸代谢作用的认识，并提出了一个评价高蛋白饮食减肥优点的代谢框架。
Debate about the optimum balance of macronutrients for adult weight maintenance or weight loss continues to expand. Often this debate centers on the relative merits or risks of carbohydrates vs. fats; however, there is increasing interest in the optimal level of dietary protein for weight loss. Diets with a reduced ratio of carbohydrates/protein are reported to be beneficial for weight loss, although diet studies appear to lack a fundamental hypothesis to support higher protein intakes. Presently, needs for dietary proteins are established by the recommended daily allowance (RDA) as the minimum level of protein necessary to maintain nitrogen balance. The RDA define the primary use of amino acids as substrates for synthesis of body proteins. There is emerging evidence that additional metabolic roles for some amino acids require plasma and intracellular levels above minimum needs for protein synthesis. The branched-chain amino acid leucine is an example of an amino acid with numerous metabolic roles that function in proportion with cellular concentration. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of metabolic roles of leucine and proposes a metabolic framework to evaluate the merits of a higher protein diet for weight loss.