Overdose Deaths Involving Opioids, Cocaine, and Psychostimulants - United States, 2015-2016
Overdose Deaths Involving Opioids, Cocaine, and Psychostimulants - United States, 2015-2016
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6712a1
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发表时间：
2018-03-30
影响因子：
33.9
通讯作者：
Bacon, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seth, Puja;Scholl, Lawrence;Bacon, Sarah
关于这个话题我们已经知道了什么？从1999年到2015年，药物过量流行导致约568，699人死亡。2015年，发生了52，404例药物过量死亡; 63.1%（33，091）涉及阿片类药物。从2014年到2015年，年龄调整的阿片类药物相关死亡率增加了15.6%;死亡人数的快速增加在很大程度上是由美沙酮以外的合成阿片类药物（例如，芬太尼）。本报告添加了什么？2016年，美国有63，632例药物过量死亡。阿片类药物占死亡人数的66.4%（42，249人），年龄组，种族/民族，城市化水平和多个州都有所增加。从2015年到2016年，涉及美沙酮以外的合成阿片类药物过量的经统计学调整的死亡率翻了一番，处方阿片类药物、海洛因、可卡因和精神兴奋剂的死亡率也增加了。迫切需要采取多方面的公共卫生和公共安全协作办法。在现有资源的基础上，需要更快获得和更全面的监测数据，以跟踪新出现的毒品威胁，指导公众采取行动，通过增加纳洛酮的供应、减少危害服务、与治疗（包括药物辅助治疗）的联系、安全的处方做法以及支持减少非法药物供应的执法战略来预防和应对这一流行病。
What is already known about this topic?From 1999 to 2015, the drug overdose epidemic resulted in approximately 568,699 deaths. In 2015, 52,404 drug overdose deaths occurred; 63.1% (33,091) involved an opioid. From 2014 to 2015, the age-adjusted opioid-involved death rate increased by 15.6%; the rapid increase in deaths was driven in large part by synthetic opioids other than methadone (e.g., fentanyl).What is added by this report?In 2016, there were 63,632 drug overdose deaths in the United States. Opioids accounted for 66.4% (42,249) of deaths, with increases across age groups, racial/ethnic groups, urbanization levels, and multiple states. Age-adjusted death rates for overdoses involving synthetic opioids other than methadone doubled from 2015 to 2016, and death rates from prescription opioids, heroin, cocaine, and psychostimulants also increased.What are the implications for public health practice?There is an urgent need to implement a multifaceted, collaborative public health and public safety approach. Building on existing resources, more rapidly available and comprehensive surveillance data are needed to track emerging drug threats to guide public action to prevent and respond to the epidemic through increased naloxone availability, harm reduction services, linkage into treatment (including medication-assisted treatment), safe prescribing practices, and supporting law enforcement strategies to reduce the illicit drug supply.