Executive and theory-of-mind contributions to event-based prospective memory in children: Exploring the self-projection hypothesis
Executive and theory-of-mind contributions to event-based prospective memory in children: Exploring the self-projection hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2011.10.006
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Macaulay, Catrin E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ford, Ruth M.;Driscoll, Timothy;Macaulay, Catrin E.
在两项研究中，4- 6岁的儿童被要求说出动物的图片，以便观看手偶（正在进行的任务），但不要说出名字，并从视图中删除任何狗的图片（前瞻性记忆[PM]任务）。儿童还完成了对言语能力、认知抑制、工作记忆和错误信念理解（两项研究）、同理心（仅研究1）以及在叙事内容和结构方面与错误信念测试相匹配的错误符号测试中的表现（仅研究2）的评估。这两项研究都发现，抑制和错误信念的表现作出了独特的贡献，在PM的方差，虽然在研究1中，抑制的影响是显而易见的，只有当儿童需要保留命名。研究2进一步表明，错误信念表现是唯一可靠的预测儿童是否记得归还给研究人员的对象，已借给他们之前的图片命名游戏。这两个实验都揭示了PM和实足年龄之间的适度关系，但考虑到认知能力后，这种关系很少显着。我们认为，（a）目前的观点额叶/执行PM发展的贡献和（B）的建议，同一个大脑网络的基础上的各种形式的心理自我投射，包括设想未来和理解他人的思想的研究结果的影响。(C)2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In two studies, 4- to 6-year-olds were asked to name pictures of animals for the benefit of a watching hand puppet (the ongoing task) but to refrain from naming and to remove from view any pictures of dogs (the prospective memory [PM] task). Children also completed assessments of verbal ability, cognitive inhibition, working memory, and false-belief understanding (both studies), empathy (Study 1 only), and performance on false-sign tests that matched the false-belief tests in narrative content and structure (Study 2 only). Both studies found that inhibition and false-belief performance made unique contributions to the variance in PM, although in Study 1 the influence of inhibition was evident only when children needed to withhold naming. Study 2 further demonstrated that false-belief performance was the only reliable predictor of whether children remembered to return to the researcher an object that had been loaned to them prior to the picture-naming game. Both experiments uncovered moderate relations between PM and chronological age, but such relations were rarely significant after taking account of cognitive ability. We consider the implications of the findings for (a) current views regarding frontal/executive contributions to PM development and (b) the suggestion that the same brain network underlies various forms of mental self-projection, including envisioning the future and understanding the minds of other people. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.