Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Atmospheric Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) in Tianjin, China: based on a Gridded Field Observation
Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Atmospheric Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) in Tianjin, China: based on a Gridded Field Observation
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中国天津市大气有机磷酸酯（OPEs）的空间分布和季节变化：基于网格化野外观测
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114460
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Tang Naijun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liang Yuanyuan;Wang Huan;Yang Qiaoyun;Cao Shengyu;Yan Caiqing;Zhang Liwen;Tang Naijun
采用被动采样法对天津市33个采样点大气中14种有机磷酸酯（OPEs）的浓度进行了监测，分析了其空间分布和季节变化。夏季的OPEs总浓度（∑ 9 OPEs）范围为0.08至1113 ng/样本，中位数为98.4 ng/样本，与冬季获得的浓度（范围为1.93至548 ng/样本，中位数为46.2 ng/样本）无统计学差异。在所观察的OPEs中，夏季的TnBP和TCiPP浓度显著高于冬季（p< 0.05）。对于分组的有机污染物，只有夏季的氯代有机污染物浓度显著高于冬季。在冬季，郊区和农村的TnBP、TiBP、TCEP和TEHP浓度存在显著的空间差异（p< 0.05）。考虑到可能的点源，在夏季，电子废物拆解区的TDCPP、TCiPP、DPEHP、TEHP和TCPs总浓度（表示为∑ 3 TCP，由TCP、TmCP和ToCP的浓度组成）高于其他采样点。在电子废物站点和位于有机磷酸盐阻燃剂（OFR）制造厂附近的另一个站点的∑ 9 OPEs都高于其他采样站点获得的中值浓度，TCiPP是最丰富的污染物。在冬季，电子废物站点的∑ 9 OPEs浓度仍然高于其他站点的中位浓度。由于OPEs用于飞机润滑油和液压油，机场被认为是另一个重要的来源，在本研究中的TiBP和TPhP。因此，电子废物场地、机场和OFR制造厂可能是环境中OPEs的主要来源。
The atmospheric concentrations of 14 organophosphate esters (OPEs) were monitored by passive air sampling at 33 sites to determine their spatial distributions, and seasonal variations (summer and winter) in Tianjin, North China. The total concentrations of the OPEs (∑9OPEs) in the summer ranged from 0.08 to 1113 ng/sample with a median of 98.4 ng/sample, which was non-statistically different from the concentrations obtained in the winter (which ranged from 1.93 to 548 ng/sample with a median of 46.2 ng/sample). Among the observed OPEs, the concentrations of TnBP and TCiPP were statistically higher in the summer compared with the winter (p< 0.05). For grouped OPEs, only a significantly higher level of chlorinated OPEs was found in summer than that in winter. In the winter, spatial differences were found to be significantly different between the concentrations of TnBP, TiBP, TCEP, and TEHP in the suburban and rural areas (p< 0.05). Considering the possible point-sources, in the summer, the concentrations of TDCPP, TCiPP, DPEHP, TEHP, and the total concentration of TCPs (denoted as ∑3TCP, comprised of the concentrations of TCP, TmCP, and ToCP) in an electronic-waste (e-waste) dismantling area were higher than those obtained at the other sampling sites. ∑9OPEs at the e-waste site and another site located near a manufacturing plant of organophosphate flame retardants (OFRs) were both higher than the median concentrations obtained at the other sampling sites, and TCiPP was the most abundant pollutant. In the winter, the concentrations of ∑9OPEs at the e-waste site were still higher than their median concentrations at the other sites. Because OPEs are used in aircraft lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids, an airport was thought to be another important source of TiBP and TPhP in the present study. Therefore, the e-waste site, airport, and OFR manufacturing plant may be the major sources of OPEs in the environment.