Language Development in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: From Phenotypes to Treatments
Language Development in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: From Phenotypes to Treatments
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.irrdd.2016.05.006
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kover, S. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abbeduto, L.;McDuffie, A.;Kover, S. T.
语言发展的研究越来越受到基因组医学和其他领域的进步的影响，这些领域提供了对智力和发育障碍（IDDs）的各种原因的深入了解。在本章中，我们从病因学透镜的角度回顾了语言发育的研究，重点是与IDD相关的三种常见遗传条件：唐氏综合征，脆性X综合征和威廉姆斯综合征。我们专注于描述这些条件的语言表型以及塑造其发展的因素。我们的结论是，语言的相对优势和挑战的轮廓已经出现，可预见的病因，以及与个人特征和因素，如智商，性别和自闭症状态。更细粒度的关系也出现了，并有助于解释IDD中的综合征之间和综合征内的异质性，包括特定认知技能（如听觉记忆）和特定语言领域（如词汇）之间的关系。这种对语言发展的更细致、基于病因的描述为更有效的语言干预奠定了基础。我们还考虑了治疗语言问题的新方法及其疗效的测量，这些方法可作为更普遍的IDD行为和药物治疗转变的模型。
Research on language development has increasingly been influenced by advances in genomic medicine and other fields providing insight into the varied causes of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). In this chapter, we review research on language development from this etiological lens, focusing on three common genetic conditions associated with IDD: Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and Williams syndrome. We focus on describing the language phenotypes of these conditions as well as the factors that shape their development. We conclude that a profile of relative strengths and challenges in language has emerged that aligns predictably with etiology, as well as with individual characteristics and factors such as IQ, gender, and autism status. More fine-grained relationships have also emerged and helped explain between-and within-syndrome heterogeneity in IDD, including relationships between specific cognitive skills (eg, auditory memory) and specific language domains (eg, vocabulary). This more nuanced, etiologically based, description of language development has set the stage for more efficacious language interventions. We also consider new approaches to the treatment of language problems and the measurement of their efficacy, which are serving as models for a transformation of behavioral and pharmacological treatments in IDD more generally.