Overview of the ability of different treatment methods for liquid and solid manure to inactivate pathogens.
Overview of the ability of different treatment methods for liquid and solid manure to inactivate pathogens.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.014
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发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
W. Martens;R. Böhm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Martens;R. Böhm
在农业中使用粪肥作为肥料包括将致病性传染因子传播到环境、动物和人类的风险。粪便的处理可以帮助避免或减少这些风险。即使处理主要是出于经济考虑，如沼气生产、氨汽提或磷沉淀，也应该考虑到卫生方面。否则，使用未经充分处理的粪肥副产品，如仍然含有传染性病原体的肥料，可能会建立新的感染链。处理厂应采用符合HACCP原则的概念，其中包括危害分析、风险评估、确定与工艺相关的关键控制点，并通过使用代表性试验生物体确定消毒效率以及微生物最终产品监督来验证工艺。处理方法可分为物理处理、化学处理和微生物处理，有时结合使用。出于经济原因，在农场一级，只有堆肥或厌氧处理（沼气）或在较小程度上有氧嗜热稳定（ATS）作为常规预防措施。在爆发应报告疾病的情况下，对粪肥进行物理和化学处理可以产生可靠的消毒/巴氏杀菌的最终产品，这些产品可以用于农业，而不会对土壤肥力或环境造成长期风险。
The use of manure as a fertilizer in agriculture includes the risk of spreading pathogenic infectious agents to the environment, to animals and humans. The treatment of manure can help avoid or reduce these risks. Even if the treatment is dominated by economic considerations such as biogas production, ammonia stripping or phosphorous precipitation, the hygienic aspect should be kept in mind. Otherwise, new infection chains may be established by the use of insufficiently treated manure by-products such as fertilizers still containing infective pathogens. Treatment plants should use a concept according to HACCP principles that includes hazard analysis, risk assessment, the determination of process relevant CCPs and the validation of the process by determining the hygienizing efficiency using representative test organisms as well as microbial end product supervision. Treatment methods can be divided into physical, chemical and microbiological treatment, sometimes used in combination. For economical reasons, only composting or anaerobic treatment (biogas) or, to a minor extent, aerobic thermophilic stabilization (ATS) are used as routine preventive measures on a farm level. In cases of outbreaks of notifiable diseases both physical and chemical treatment of manure can lead to reliable disinfected/pasteurised end products which can be used in agriculture without long-lasting risks for soil fertility or the environment.