Immune effector mechanisms in malaria
Immune effector mechanisms in malaria
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00808.x
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kinyanjui, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marsh, K;Kinyanjui, S
流行地区的人类对疟疾具有免疫力，这鼓励了开发保护性疫苗的想法。然而，自然免疫效率相对较低，是以大量儿童死亡为代价购买的，目前的疫苗只能起到部分保护作用。了解保护性免疫的潜在靶点和机制对未来疫苗的开发和评估非常重要。在自然暴露于疟疾的人类中确定这种目标和机制方面的一些问题可能来自于与确定人群中谁是易感人群有关的概念和方法问题、在单个时间点确定免疫反应的问题和与抗原多态有关的问题，以及许多目前未能检查免疫反应的功能方面的方法。保护性免疫反应可能针对红细胞前寄生虫，针对血液期寄生虫的游离裂殖子，或针对感染的红细胞表面诱导的新抗原。解决定义保护和免疫反应的方法学问题，以及将功能分析与等位基因交换和基因敲除等新方法相结合的研究，为更好地定义关键目标和机制提供了机会。
That humans in endemic areas become immune to malaria offers encouragement to the idea of developing protective vaccines. However natural immunity is relatively inefficient, being bought at the cost of substantial childhood mortality, and current vaccines are only partially protective. Understanding potential targets and mechanisms of protective immunity is important in the development and evaluation of future vaccines. Some of the problems in identifying such targets and mechanisms in humans naturally exposed to malaria may stern from conceptual and methodological issues related to defining who in a population is susceptible, problems in defining immune responsiveness at single time points and issues related to antigenic polymorphism, as well as the failure of many current approaches to examine functional aspects of the immune response. Protective immune responses may be directed to the pre erythrocytic parasite, to the free merozoite of the blood stage parasite or to new antigens induced on the infected red cell surface. Tackling the methodological issues of defining protection and immune response, together with studies that combine functional assays with new approaches such as allelic exchange and gene knock out offer opportunities for better defining key targets and mechanisms.