In practice, the theory is different: a processual analysis of breastfeeding in northeast Brazil.
In practice, the theory is different: a processual analysis of breastfeeding in northeast Brazil.
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实际上，理论是不同的：对巴西东北部母乳喂养的过程分析。
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.09.002
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
R. Gurgel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michael Scavenius;Lonneke van Hulsel;J. Meijer;Hans Wendte;R. Gurgel
“Na prática，a teoria è outra”（实际上，理论是不同的）是一句古老的巴西谚语。这句话很好地总结了巴西母乳喂养的一般做法：“母乳是最好的”是孕妇未来导向的“理论”的核心，他们的婴儿应该如何喂养。然而，在分娩后的几个星期里，在喂养婴儿的日常实践中，这一理论在很大程度上被抛弃了。本研究是基于一个样本的300名母亲在巴西东北部的Aracaju市。通过访谈，建立了婴儿喂养知识和实践之间的差异和相似之处。对这些差异的解释是在对访谈数据的定性和定量结果进行过程分析的基础上发展起来的。几乎所有母亲都了解母乳喂养的必要性，几乎所有母亲都开始母乳喂养。然而，只有少数人在采访时完全母乳喂养。对母乳喂养过程和非母乳喂养过程进行了区分。这些数据表明，一般来说，母亲在开始非母乳喂养过程时，都抱着改善婴儿状况的积极意图，而没有意识到最有可能以停止母乳喂养而告终的负面过程后果。这项研究支持这样一种观点，即卫生政策在宣传纯母乳喂养的重要性时，应强调母乳喂养和非母乳喂养的过程性。
‘Na prática, a teoria è outra’ (in practice, the theory is different) is an old Brazilian saying. This phrase summarizes well the general practice of breastfeeding in Brazil: ‘Breast is best’ is central in the pregnant women's future oriented ‘theory’ of how their infant should be fed. In the subsequent weeks after delivery, however, in the daily practicalities of feeding their infant, this theory is, to a large extent, abandoned. The present study is based on a sample of 300 mothers in the city of Aracaju in the Northeast of Brazil. Through interviews, the differences and similarities between knowledge and practice with respect to infant feeding were established. An explanation of these differences is developed on the basis of a processual analysis of the qualitative and quantitative results of the interview data. Nearly all mothers were knowledgeable of the need to breastfeed, and nearly all mothers had initiated breastfeeding. However, only a minority was exclusively breastfeeding at the time of the interview. A distinction is made between a breastfeeding process and a de-breastfeeding process. The data suggest that mothers, in general, start the de-breastfeeding process with the positive intention of ameliorating the infant's situation without realizing the negative processual consequences that most likely ends in a cessation of breastfeeding. The study supports the view that health policy should underline the processual character of both breastfeeding and de-breastfeeding when promoting the importance of exclusive breastfeeding.