Epidemiologic studies on depression and suicide
Epidemiologic studies on depression and suicide
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DOI：
10.5124/jkma.2012.55.4.322
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
Jeon, Hong Jin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeon, Hong Jin
重度抑郁症（MDD）是指一种情绪低落、意志力和兴趣丧失、内疚感和无助感、睡眠问题、食欲不振、精力丧失和注意力不集中的状态，导致个人和社会活动的残疾。MDD的终生患病率为6.7%（男性为4.8%，女性为9.1%），在过去十年中每年增加0.2%。自杀的危险因素是MDD、MDD发作的严重程度、精神病症状、首次发作和男性。在2010年关于韩国死亡和死亡原因的报告中，自杀率为每100 000人中有31.2人自杀，在世卫组织报告中的105个国家中，韩国男性自杀率第七高，女性自杀率第一高。根据2011年韩国精神疾病流行病学调查，韩国的自杀未遂率为3.2%，高于中国、日本和西方国家。据估计，韩国有120万人在一生中的某个时候曾试图自杀。自杀的季节性变化表明自杀与MDD之间存在关联。自杀率和自杀企图率在5月份都是最高的，当时共有52.8%的自杀企图者被诊断为MDD。在一般人群中，40%的近期自杀企图与MDD相关，73.7%与MDD或酒精使用障碍相关。总之，自杀和自杀未遂与MDD密切相关。自杀是一种可治疗和可预防的医学疾病，在韩国，通过早期诊断和治疗MDD和酒精使用障碍可以降低自杀率。
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is defined as a state of depressed mood, loss of volition and interest, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, sleep problems, poor appetite, loss of energy, and poor concentration, which causes disability in personal and social activities. Lifetime prevalence of MDD is 6.7% (4.8% in men and 9.1% in women), and has increased by 0.2% annually for the last decade. The risk factors for suicide are MDD, severity of the MDD episode, psychotic symptoms, first episode, and being male. The suicide rate was 31.2 per 100,000 persons in the 2010 report on Death and Causes of Death in Korea, which is the seventh highest incidence in men and first in women among 105 nations from the WHO report. The lifetime rate of suicide attempts in Korea is 3.2% according to the Epidemiological Survey of Mental Disorders in Korea 2011, which is higher than the rate of China, Japan, and Western countries. It is estimated that 1,200,000 persons in Korea have attempted suicide at some point within their lifetime. Seasonal variations in suicide indicate the association between suicide and MDD. Both rates of suicide and suicide attempts are the highest in May, when a total of 52.8% of those attempting suicide were diagnosed with MDD. Forty percent of recent suicide attempts are associated with MDD, and 73.7% with MDD or alcohol use disorder in the general population. In conclusion, suicide and suicide attempts are closely associated with MDD. Suicide is a medical condition that is treatable and preventable, and suicide rates can be reduced through early diagnosis and treatment for MDD and alcohol use disorder in Korea.