Energetic Stress-Induced Metabolic Regulation by Extracellular Vesicles.

Energetic Stress-Induced Metabolic Regulation by Extracellular Vesicles.
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DOI:
10.1002/cphy.c230001
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发表时间:
2023-06-26
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
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最近的研究表明,细胞外囊泡(EV)在代谢调节和代谢相关疾病中发挥着强大而复杂的功能,尽管这一领域的研究仍处于起步阶段。EV从所有细胞释放到细胞外空间,并携带广泛的货物,包括miRNA,mRNA,DNA,蛋白质和代谢物,这些货物在接收细胞中具有强大的信号传导作用。EV的产生受到所有主要压力途径的刺激,因此,在压力期间恢复体内平衡和使疾病永久化方面都有作用。在代谢调节中,主要的应激信号是由于营养不足或营养过剩导致线粒体受损而导致的能量缺乏。这种应激信号被称为“能量应激”,其触发参与主要细胞应激途径、ER未折叠蛋白应答、缺氧应答、抗氧化应答和自噬的稳健且进化上保守的应答。本文提出能量应激是EV释放的主要刺激物的模型,重点关注代谢重要的细胞,如肝细胞、脂肪细胞、肌细胞和胰腺β细胞。此外,这篇综述将讨论如何货物在应激刺激EV调节代谢在接收细胞的有益和有害的方式。
Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve powerful and complex functions in metabolic regulation and metabolic-associated disease, although this field of research is still in its infancy. EVs are released into the extracellular space from all cells and carry a wide range of cargo including miRNAs, mRNA, DNA, proteins and metabolites that have robust signaling effects in receiving cells. EV production is stimulated by all major stress pathways and, as such, has a role in both restoring homeostasis during stress and perpetuating disease. In metabolic regulation the dominant stress signal is a lack of energy due either nutrient deficits or damaged mitochondria from nutrient excess. This stress signal is termed “energetic stress”, which triggers a robust and evolutionarily conserved response that engages major cellular stress pathways, the ER unfolded protein response, the hypoxia response, the antioxidant response and autophagy. This review proposes the model that energetic stress is the dominant stimulator of EV release with a focus on metabolically important cells such has hepatocytes, adipocyte, myocytes and pancreatic β-cells. Furthermore, this review will discuss how the cargo in stress-stimulated EVs regulate metabolism in receiving cells in both beneficial and detrimental ways.
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