Limits on ultra-high energy photons with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Limits on ultra-high energy photons with the Pierre Auger Observatory
复制标题
皮埃尔俄歇天文台对超高能光子的限制
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Rautenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Rautenberg
皮埃尔俄歇天文台是最灵敏的空气簇射探测器的原光子与能量以上$sim 0.2$ EeV。使用表面探测器阵列（SD），可以通过预期在SD站中感应的信号的宽时间结构来识别天顶角范围从30 ° ~ 60 °的光子。光子引起的空气簇射的另一个特征是，相对于核簇射，地面上次级粒子的横向分布更陡。使用2004年至2018年年中收集的SD数据，对10 EeV以上的超高能（UHE）光子的扩散通量设定了严格的限制，暴露量为40，000 $km$^2，$sr $，$yr。在1 EeV以下，可以通过结合皮埃尔·俄歇天文台低能增强的观测数据来实现初级光子和强子之间前所未有的分离能力，即三个向上指向的荧光望远镜，可以直接测量簇射最大值的大气深度，以及750米的SD阵列，再次访问光子诱导的空气簇射的陡峭横向分布。第一次，积分光子通量低于1 EeV的限制使用皮埃尔俄歇天文台在2010年中期至2015年期间收集的数据。这将皮埃尔俄歇天文台的光子搜索范围扩展到大约三十年的能量。
The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive air-shower detector for primary photons with energies above $sim 0.2$ EeV. Using the Surface Detector array (SD), photons in the zenith angle range from 30$^circ$ to 60$^circ$ can be identified through the broad time-structure of the signals expected to be induced in the SD stations. An additional signature for photon-induced air showers is the steeper lateral distribution of secondary particles at the ground with respect to nucleonic showers. Stringent limits are set to the diffuse flux of ultra-high energy (UHE) photons above 10 EeV, using SD data collected between 2004 and mid-2018 with an exposure of $40,000$ km$^2,$sr$,$yr. Below 1 EeV, unprecedented separation power between primary photons and hadrons can be achieved by combining observables from the low-energy enhancements of the Pierre Auger Observatory, namely three upwards-pointing fluorescence telescopes, which can directly measure the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, and the 750 m SD array, which again accesses the steeper lateral distribution of photon-induced air showers. For the first time, limits on the integral photon flux below 1 EeV are presented using data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory between mid-2010 and 2015. This extends the range of photon searches at the Pierre Auger Observatory to about three decades in energy.