Putin: Russia's Choice
Putin: Russia's Choice
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普京：俄罗斯的选择
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
Andrea Chandler
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作者：
Andrea Chandler
理查德·萨克瓦.普京：俄罗斯的选择。伦敦：Routledge，2004 年。306 页。附录。参考书目。 Index. 在很短的时间内，弗拉基米尔·普京在俄罗斯的政治生活中留下了深刻的印记。他于 2000 年当选为俄罗斯联邦第二任总统，领导了一段时期的重大改革，涉及税收、社会福利和联邦关系等多个领域。他的前任鲍里斯·叶利钦给人的印象是一个对抗性的、反复无常的形象，而普京则似乎是一位纪律严明、专注的领导人。这种坚定性是理解普京成功的关键：根据萨夸的说法，普京之所以受欢迎，是因为他有能力投射权威，同时又表现出普通俄罗斯公民的典型成长经历（第 249 页）。普京对其同胞的吸引力常常令西方观察家感到困惑，他们在许多问题上仍存在分歧：普京是创新者，还是苏联过去一些最令人厌恶的特征的恢复者？他是在颠覆民主还是建立法治？显然，人们不可能对弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）这个话题保持无动于衷。因此，理查德·萨夸的书对我们理解当今俄罗斯政治做出了有价值的贡献。尽管该书包含传记信息——第一章精彩地讲述了普京的上台历程——但严格来说，它并不是一本传记。相反，这本书考察了从普京 1999 年担任总理直至 2004 年他的第一个总统任期结束期间俄罗斯政治的主要改革、变化和辩论。萨夸的分析基于这样的假设：普京个人一直是该国政治版图的中心，他的世界观对改革具有决定性影响。因此。 《普京：俄罗斯的选择》是一本有用的一般参考书，也是对普京领导重要性的有价值的阐释。本书根据对俄语出版资料的广泛分析，对其主题提出了细致入微的批判性观点。该书的突出之处在于它对俄罗斯政治中思想的作用的思考，以及对普京使用语言的特殊方式的关注。关于俄罗斯政治的当代文献大部分都集中在选举、政策和制度上，而一部考虑话语的作品是一个值得欢迎的变化。普京对“正常化”的承诺尤其激发了萨夸的兴趣（第40-43页）。正如萨夸所声称的那样，从历史上看，俄罗斯领导人往往倾向于迅速改变现状，而不是纠正日常治理缺陷的平凡事业。因此，萨夸表示，普京声称要为国家带来连贯、高效的领导，并通过立法和政策实现变革，这对俄罗斯来说是决定性的变化。 ……
Richard Sakwa. Putin: Russia's Choice. London: Routledge, 2004. 306 pp. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.In a short period of time, Vladimir Putin has made a strong imprint on Russia's political life. Elected in 2000 as the Russian Federation's second president, he has overseen a period of major reforms, in areas as diverse as taxation, social welfare, and federal relations. Where his predecessor, Boris Yeltsin, had the image of a confrontational and erratic presence, Putin appeared to be a disciplined, focussed leader. This solidity is key to understanding the man's success: according to Sakwa, Putin's popularity owes to his ability to project authority while still appearing to share the typical upbringing of the average Russian citizen (p. 249). Putin's appeal to his fellow citizens is often baffling to Western observers, who remain divided over many questions: is Putin an innovator, or a restorer of some of the most unsavoury features of the Soviet past? Is he reversing democracy or establishing rule of law?Clearly, it is impossible to remain indifferent on the subject of Vladimir Putin. As such, Richard Sakwa's book is a worthwhile contribution to our understanding of present-day Russian politics. Although the work contains biographical information-the first chapter is a fascinating account of Putin's rise to power-it is not strictly speaking a biography. Rather, the book is an examination of the principal reforms, changes and debates in Russian politics from Putin's ascent to power as prime minister in 1999 until the end of his first term as president in 2004. Sakwa's analysis is grounded on the assumption that Putin the individual has been the centre of the country's political landscape and that his world-view decisively shaped reforms. As a result. Putin: Russia's Choice is a book that is a useful general reference work as well as a valuable interpretive statement on the significance of Putin's leadership. Drawing on extensive analysis of Russian-language published sources, the book presents a nuanced and critical perspective on its subject. The book stands out in its consideration of the role of ideas in Russian politics, and for its attention to the particular ways in which Putin uses language. Where much of the contemporary literature on Russian politics focuses on elections, policies, and institutions, a work that considers discourse is a welcome change.Putin's commitment to "normality" particularly sparks Sakwa's interest (pp. 40-43). As Sakwa claims, historically, Russia's leaders have all too often favoured swift upsets of the status quo over the mundane enterprise of correcting the defects of day-to-day governance. Thus, according to Sakwa, Putin's stated attempts to bring coherent, efficient leadership to the state, and to achieve change through legislation and policy, demonstrate a decisive change for Russia. …