Using Smartphones and Health Apps to Change and Manage Health Behaviors: A Population-Based Survey.
Using Smartphones and Health Apps to Change and Manage Health Behaviors: A Population-Based Survey.
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DOI：
10.2196/jmir.6838
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发表时间：
2017-04-05
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Gellert P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ernsting C;Dombrowski SU;Oedekoven M;O Sullivan JL;Kanzler M;Kuhlmey A;Gellert P
慢性病对个人和医疗保健系统来说是一个越来越大的挑战。智能手机和健康应用程序是改变健康相关行为和管理慢性病的潜在工具。本研究的目的是探索（1）智能手机和健康应用程序的使用程度，（2）智能手机和健康应用程序使用的社会人口统计学，医疗和行为相关性，以及（3）应用程序的使用和应用程序特征与实际健康行为的关联。在35岁及以上的德国人中进行了一项基于人口的调查（N=4144）。在家访时通过问卷调查评估了社会人口统计学、慢性病的存在、健康行为、生活质量和健康素养，以及互联网、智能手机和健康应用程序的使用情况。应用二元logistic回归模型。结果发现，61.25%（2538/4144）的参与者使用智能手机。与非用户相比，智能手机用户更年轻，在互联网上做了更多的研究，更有可能全职工作，更有可能拥有大学学位，更多地参与体育活动，低脂饮食较少，并且具有更高的健康相关生活质量和健康素养。在智能手机用户中，20.53%（521/2538）使用健康应用程序。与拥有智能手机的非用户相比，应用程序用户更年轻，母语为德语的可能性更小，在互联网上做了更多的研究，更有可能报告慢性疾病，更多地参与体育活动和低脂饮食，并且更健康。健康应用程序侧重于戒烟（232/521，44.5%），健康饮食（201/521，38.6%）和减肥（121/521，23.2%）。最常见的应用程序特征是计划（264/521，50.7%），提醒（188/521，36.1%），提示动机（179/521，34.4%）和提供信息（175/521，33.6%）。在计划和健康行为身体活动之间，在反馈或监测和身体活动之间，以及在反馈或监测和遵守医生的建议之间发现了显着的关联。虽然有许多智能手机和健康应用程序的用户，但很大一部分人口没有参与。研究结果表明，在使用移动的技术方面存在与年龄相关、与社会经济相关、与识字相关和与健康相关的差异。健康应用程序的使用可能反映了用户改变或维持健康行为的动机。应用程序开发人员和研究人员应该考虑老年人、健康素养低的人和慢性病患者的需求。
Chronic conditions are an increasing challenge for individuals and the health care system. Smartphones and health apps are potentially promising tools to change health-related behaviors and manage chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to explore (1) the extent of smartphone and health app use, (2) sociodemographic, medical, and behavioral correlates of smartphone and health app use, and (3) associations of the use of apps and app characteristics with actual health behaviors. A population-based survey (N=4144) among Germans, aged 35 years and older, was conducted. Sociodemographics, presence of chronic conditions, health behaviors, quality of life, and health literacy, as well as the use of the Internet, smartphone, and health apps were assessed by questionnaire at home visit. Binary logistic regression models were applied. It was found that 61.25% (2538/4144) of participants used a smartphone. Compared with nonusers, smartphone users were younger, did more research on the Internet, were more likely to work full-time and more likely to have a university degree, engaged more in physical activity, and less in low fat diet, and had a higher health-related quality of life and health literacy. Among smartphone users, 20.53% (521/2538) used health apps. App users were younger, less likely to be native German speakers, did more research on the Internet, were more likely to report chronic conditions, engaged more in physical activity, and low fat diet, and were more health literate compared with nonusers who had a smartphone. Health apps focused on smoking cessation (232/521, 44.5%), healthy diet (201/521, 38.6%), and weight loss (121/521, 23.2%). The most common app characteristics were planning (264/521, 50.7%), reminding (188/521, 36.1%), prompting motivation (179/521 34.4%), and the provision of information (175/521, 33.6%). Significant associations were found between planning and the health behavior physical activity, between feedback or monitoring and physical activity, and between feedback or monitoring and adherence to doctor’s advice. Although there were many smartphone and health app users, a substantial proportion of the population was not engaged. Findings suggest age-related, socioeconomic-related, literacy-related, and health-related disparities in the use of mobile technologies. Health app use may reflect a user’s motivation to change or maintain health behaviors. App developers and researchers should take account of the needs of older people, people with low health literacy, and chronic conditions.