Central nervous system stimulants and sport practice
Central nervous system stimulants and sport practice
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DOI：
10.1136/bjsm.2006.027557
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
Saugy, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Avois, L.;Robinson, N.;Saugy, M.
背景和目标：中枢神经系统（CNS）兴奋剂可用于减少疲劳和提高警觉性，竞争力和侵略性。它们更有可能在比赛中使用，但也可能在训练中使用，以增加训练课程的强度。有几个潜在的危险涉及他们在接触性运动中的滥用。本文综述了三种主要的中枢神经系统兴奋剂，麻黄碱，苯丙胺，可卡因，在有关的滥用在sport.Methods：描述的药理学，行动，和副作用的苯丙胺，可卡因，麻黄碱。结果：中枢神经系统兴奋剂有精神的影响，可能被认为是ergogenic。有些是处方药，如麻黄生物碱，关于其适当的治疗用途存在问题。最近，人们注意到运动员广泛使用它们，尽管缺乏关于任何致能或真实的表现益处及其潜在的严重副作用的证据。兴奋剂，其中一些是非法的（可卡因，安非他明），通常被运动员使用，并导致潜在的麦角酸酯效应。总的来说，这些药物是重要的，他们经常使用和反兴奋剂实验室的统计数据和媒体，其潜在的严重不良影响的提及。结论：兴奋剂与中枢神经系统兴奋剂是一个真实的公共卫生问题，所有的体育主管部门应参与其预防。传播信息对于防止在体育运动中使用兴奋剂和提供替代办法至关重要。应在这一领域开展适当的培训和教育。
Background and objectives: Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants may be used to reduce tiredness and increase alertness, competitiveness, and aggression. They are more likely to be used in competition but may be used during training to increase the intensity of the training session. There are several potential dangers involving their misuse in contact sports. This paper reviews the three main CNS stimulants, ephedrine, amfetamine, and cocaine, in relation to misuse in sport.Methods: Description of the pharmacology, actions, and side effects of amfetamine, cocaine, and ephedrine.Results: CNS stimulants have psychotropic effects that may be perceived to be ergogenic. Some are prescription drugs, such as Ephedra alkaloids, and there are issues regarding their appropriate therapeutic use. Recently attention has been given to their widespread use by athletes, despite the lack of evidence regarding any ergogenic or real performance benefit, and their potentially serious side effects. Recreational drugs, some of which are illegal ( cocaine, amfetamines), are commonly used by athletes and cause potential ergolytic effects. Overall, these drugs are important for their frequent use and mention in anti-doping laboratories statistics and the media, and their potentially serious adverse effects.Conclusions: Doping with CNS stimulants is a real public health problem and all sports authorities should participate in its prevention. Dissemination of information is essential to prevent doping in sport and to provide alternatives. Adequate training and education in this domain should be introduced.