Heat Stress Affects Facultative Symbiont-Mediated Protection from a Parasitoid Wasp.
Heat Stress Affects Facultative Symbiont-Mediated Protection from a Parasitoid Wasp.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0167180
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ferrari J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heyworth ER;Ferrari J
许多昆虫携带兼性细菌共生体，它们提供的好处包括抵抗天敌和非生物胁迫。当生物或非生物威胁同时发生时，这些有益的表型是如何受到影响的，人们知之甚少。豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon Pisum)可以寄生几种特征良好的共生体。这种被称为X-型的共生体可以抵御寄生蜂和热应激。在这里，我们使用了自然感染X型和共生体Sprodium sp.的三个豌豆蚜型。我们将这两种共生体与从X型中治愈并单独感染螺旋体的蚜虫进行了比较，以考察当两种威胁同时发生时，X型赋予寄主利益的能力。我们的目标是探索如何在良性的实验室环境之外进行强大的共生体保护。在寄生蜂攻击之前或之后，蚜虫都会受到热激的影响。在温和的温度条件下，携带X型的蚜虫往往比治愈的蚜虫对寄生蜂的保护更好。当蚜虫在被寄生前经历热激时，携带X型的蚜虫比治愈的更容易受到影响。无论是否感染共生菌，蚜虫在寄生后都能从热休克中受益。结果表明，对寄生蜂的抗性可以强烈地依赖于环境，在实验室受控条件下，共生菌产生的有益表型并不一定等同于在自然种群中持续有效的影响。
Many insects carry facultative bacterial symbionts, which provide benefits including resistance to natural enemies and abiotic stresses. Little is known about how these beneficial phenotypes are affected when biotic or abiotic threats occur simultaneously. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) can host several well-characterized symbiont species. The symbiont known as X-type can protect against both parasitoid wasps and heat stress. Here, we used three pea aphid genotypes that were naturally infected with X-type and the symbiont Spiroplasma sp. We compared aphids coinfected with these two symbionts with those cured from X-type and infected with only Spiroplasma to investigate the ability of X-type to confer benefits to the host when two threats are experienced simultaneously. Our aim is to explore how robust symbiont protection may be outside a benign laboratory environment. Aphids were subjected to heat shock either before or after attack by parasitoid wasps. Under a benign temperature regime, the aphids carrying X-type tended to be better protected from the parasitoid than those cured. When the aphids experienced a heat shock before being parasitized aphids carrying X-type were more susceptible than those cured. Regardless of infection with the symbiont, the aphids benefitted from being heat shocked after parasitization. The results demonstrate how resistance to parasitoid wasps can be strongly environment-dependent and that a beneficial phenotype conferred by a symbiont under controlled conditions in the laboratory does not necessarily equate to a consistently useful effect in natural populations.
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