Vertical Distribution of Arthropod Assemblages and the Effects of Weather Conditions on Arthropod Rain in a Temperate Conifer Forest
Vertical Distribution of Arthropod Assemblages and the Effects of Weather Conditions on Arthropod Rain in a Temperate Conifer Forest
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DOI：
10.3389/ffgc.2021.672601
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tomohiro Yoshida;Yasunori Kusunoki;Y. Fukano;N. Hijii
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tomohiro Yoshida;Yasunori Kusunoki;Y. Fukano;N. Hijii
森林的垂直分层导致不同垂直层间节肢动物组合的发生。从树冠层掉落的节肢动物（即，“节肢动物雨”）是在森林地面上茁壮成长的捕食者的额外食物来源（FF）。然而，节肢动物的丰度强烈影响天气条件和垂直分层。因此，在这项研究中，我们调查了节肢动物群落的垂直分布和温度和降水对节肢动物雨的影响在温带针叶林（柳杉）。节肢动物收集的水盘陷阱和树干粘性陷阱在上层树冠（UC; 16米），下层树冠（10米），FF（0.5米）。在下降的节肢动物收集的水盘陷阱，流浪食草动物，草食动物更丰富的范围从FF到UC，而丰富的流浪捕食者（主要是蜘蛛）是相似的，在上部和下部的树冠。然而，食草动物，草食动物和捕食者表现出最高的丰度在UC之间的飞行节肢动物。漫游节肢动物向上移动的FF对树干比向下更频繁，表明节肢动物从地面到乔木栖息地的移民的重要性。温度和降水对不同类群的节肢动物的降落和移动有不同的影响。飞行的节肢动物只受温度的影响，而流浪的食草动物和草食动物的降水和温度的影响。因此，丰富的流浪和飞行节肢动物不同的温带针叶林的垂直层之间，此外，节肢动物雨与天气条件密切相关。
Vertical stratification of forests results in the occurrence of different arthropod assemblages between the vertical layers. Fallen arthropods from the canopy layers (i.e., “arthropod rain”) are additional food sources for predators thriving on the forest floor (FF). However, the abundances of arthropods are strongly affected by weather conditions and vertical stratification. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the vertical distribution of arthropod assemblages and effects of temperature and precipitation on the arthropod rain in a temperate conifer (Cryptomeria japonica) forest. Arthropods were collected by water-pan traps and trunk-sticky traps in the upper canopy (UC; 16 m), lower canopy (10 m), and FF (0.5 m). Among the fallen arthropods collected by water-pan traps, wandering detritivores, and herbivores were more abundant ranging from the FF to the UC, whereas the abundance of wandering predators (mainly spiders) was similar in the upper and lower canopies. However, detritivores, herbivores, and predators showed the highest abundance in the UC among the flying arthropods. Wandering arthropods moved upward from the FF toward the tree trunks more frequently than downward, indicating the importance of arthropod immigration from the ground to arboreal habitats. Temperature and precipitation had different effects on fallen and moving arthropods among different taxonomic groups. Flying arthropods were affected only by temperature, while wandering detritivores and herbivores were affected by precipitation and temperature. Thus, the abundance of wandering and flying arthropods differed among the vertical layers of a temperate conifer forest; additionally, arthropod rain was closely associated with weather conditions.