The Source Model of Group Threat: Responding to Internal and External Threats
The Source Model of Group Threat: Responding to Internal and External Threats
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DOI：
10.1037/amp0000321
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Cruwys, Tegan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenaway, Katharine H.;Cruwys, Tegan
我们引入了一个群体威胁模型，阐明了群体间（群体之间）和群体内（群体内）威胁对身份过程和群体关系的相反影响。群体威胁的来源模型认为，威胁的感知来源对于预测其后果至关重要，例如，对群体间威胁的感知将加强群体认同过程和关系，而对群体内部威胁的感知则有可能破坏这种关系。除了回顾关于群体间威胁的大量文献和一小部分关于群体内威胁的未综合研究之外，我们还讨论了这些过程是如何在大众媒体上的怪物（外星人、吸血鬼和僵尸）的表现中被捕捉到的，以及这些观点如何为当前的政治辩论提供解释，比如围绕本土恐怖主义的辩论。该模型新颖地总结了群体间和群体内威胁的核心效应，并对不同类型威胁的心理效应提出了可检验的假设。应用这一模型将有助于理解文献中看似矛盾的发现，说明对源自群体间或群体内部来源的威胁的评估如何有能力改变该威胁的群体效应。
We introduce a model of group threat that articulates the opposing effects of intergroup (between-groups) and intragroup (within-group) threat on identity processes and group relations. The source model of group threat argues that the perceived source of a threat is critical in predicting its consequences, such that perceptions of intergroup threat will strengthen (in)group identity processes and relations, whereas perceptions of iruragroup threat has the potential to undermine the same. In addition to reviewing the large literature on intergroup threat and a smaller body of unsynthesized work on intragroup threat, we discuss how these processes are captured in representations of monsters (aliens, vampires, and zombies) in popular media and how these ideas can inform interpretation of current political debates, such as those around homegrown terrorism. This model provides a novel summary of the core effects of intergroup and intragroup threat, generating testable hypotheses about the psychological effects of different types of threat. Applying this model will help to make sense of seemingly contradictory findings in the literature, illustrating how appraisal of a threat as originating from an intergroup or intragroup source has the capacity to change the group-based effects of that threat.