Primary blood-hosts of mosquitoes are influenced by social and ecological conditions in a complex urban landscape.
Primary blood-hosts of mosquitoes are influenced by social and ecological conditions in a complex urban landscape.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-018-2779-7
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发表时间：
2018-04-10
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
LaDeau SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goodman H;Egizi A;Fonseca DM;Leisnham PT;LaDeau SL
温带的城市景观支持库蚊和伊蚊的持续和不断增长的蚊媒种群。大量城市蚊子种群可能是传播新出现的虫媒病毒感染的重大风险。然而，即使蚊子数量很大，也只会对它们叮咬的动物构成风险。本研究的目的是识别和评估温带城市景观中寄主利用的空间格局，该景观具有不同的社会经济和生态条件。蚊血粉是从美国马里兰州巴尔的摩按社会经济梯度分类的社区收集的。鉴定了两种伊蚊(Aedes)的血餐宿主。Albopictus和Ae.Japan)和三库蚊(Cx.Piniens、Cx.Restaans和Cx.Salinarius)种。褐家鼠是伊蚊和按蚊最常检出的宿主。萨利诺斯。人类叮咬在伊蚊和库蚊物种中很明显，从伊蚊血液中人类血粉的比例来看。白纹伊蚊随邻里社会经济地位的不同而有显著差异。在收入高于城市中位数的居民区，白纹伊蚊最有可能以人血宿主为食(50%)，尽管在收入较低的居民区检测到更多的人叮咬。白纹伊蚊较为丰富。鸟类是最常被检测到的库蚊血液宿主，但在所有采集的伊蚊样本中都没有。这项研究突出了医学上重要的蚊子媒介在宿主使用方面的细微变化，并具体调查了与城市蚊子传播和人类暴露相关的空间尺度上的血粉成分。此外，这项工作强调了社区经济和基础设施管理在形成相对丰富的媒介和当地血液喂养战略方面的重要性。这种入侵的棕色老鼠是巴尔的摩媒介物种和社区的重要血液来源。我们表明，社会和经济条件可以成为城市景观传播潜力的重要预测因素，并确定关于啮齿动物在支持城市蚊子种群方面所起作用的重要问题。
Temperate urban landscapes support persistent and growing populations of Culex and Aedes mosquito vectors. Large urban mosquito populations can represent a significant risk for transmission of emergent arboviral infection. However, even large mosquito populations are only a risk to the animals they bite. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess spatial patterns of host-use in a temperate urban landscape with heterogeneous socio-economic and ecological conditions. Mosquito blood meals were collected from neighborhoods categorized along a socio-economic gradient in Baltimore, MD, USA. Blood meal hosts were identified for two Aedes (Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus) and three Culex (Cx. pipiens, Cx. restuans and Cx. salinarius) species. The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) was the most frequently detected host in both Aedes species and Cx. salinarius. Human biting was evident in Aedes and Culex species and the proportion of human blood meals from Ae. albopictus varied significantly with neighborhood socio-economic status. Aedes albopictus was most likely to feed on human blood hosts (at 50%) in residential blocks categorized as having income above the city median, although there were still more total human bites detected from lower income blocks where Ae. albopictus was more abundant. Birds were the most frequently detected Culex blood hosts but were absent from all Aedes sampled. This study highlights fine-scale variation in host-use by medically important mosquito vectors and specifically investigates blood meal composition at spatial scales relevant to urban mosquito dispersal and human exposure. Further, the work emphasizes the importance of neighborhood economics and infrastructure management in shaping both the relative abundance of vectors and local blood feeding strategies. The invasive brown rat was an important blood source across vector species and neighborhoods in Baltimore. We show that social and economic conditions can be important predictors of transmission potential in urban landscapes and identify important questions about the role of rodents in supporting urban mosquito populations.