Dynamic crowd evacuation approach for the emergency route planning problem: Application to case studies
Dynamic crowd evacuation approach for the emergency route planning problem: Application to case studies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2017.10.024
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发表时间：
2018-02
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
M. Khalid;U. K. Yusof
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Khalid;U. K. Yusof
灾难性的情况，无论是自然的还是人为的，都夺走了无数人的生命。在规划方面，这引发了对涉及紧急路线规划(ERP)问题的疏散情况的需求。企业资源规划强调疏散计划的有效性，以减轻风险并确保人群安全。回顾以往的ERP研究，已经引出了太多的方法，如决策支持、精确、启发式和元启发式方法。然而，以前对ERP的研究集中在人群建模技术或路径选择方法上，而不是两者兼而有之。这引出了通过动态概念来桥接建模和布线方法的需要。为了实现这一动态概念，人们提出了群体凝聚力和灵活的路线选择方法，即具有动态性的综合疏散规划(iEvaP+)。通过考虑群体结构和群体内部顺从性来利用群体凝聚力。同时，采用人工免疫算法作为路径优化算法。IEvaP+方法被应用于三个案例研究，以确定人群能动性在ERP问题中的影响。结果表明，动态化程度直接影响疏散计划的实施效果。除了群体凝聚力外，疏散网络的属性(如出口)在降低风险和人群生存能力方面也很重要。
Disastrous situations, either natural or man-made, have claimed countless lives. In a planning context, this triggers the need for an evacuation situation that involves the emergency route planning (ERP) problem. ERP emphasizes the effectiveness of the evacuation plan to mitigate risk and ensure crowd safety. Reviews on previous ERP works have elicited a plethora of approaches, such as decision support, exact, heuristic, and meta-heuristic approaches. However, previous works on ERP focused on either crowd modeling techniques or routing approaches, but not both. This elicits the need to bridge modeling and routing approaches by means of a dynamic concept. To capture this dynamism concept, group cohesiveness and flexible routing approaches have been proposed, namely as an integrated evacuation planning with dynamism (iEvaP+). Group cohesiveness is utilized by considering group structure and intra-group compliance. Meanwhile, an artificial immune system (AIS) algorithm is adopted as the route optimizer. The iEvaP+ approach is applied to three case studies in order to identify the impact of crowd dynamism in the ERP problem. The result indicates that dynamism has direct influence on the evacuation plan performance. Besides the group cohesiveness, the properties of the evacuation network (such as exit) are also important in mitigating risks and crowd survivability.