Public attitudes toward genetic risk scoring in medicine and beyond
Public attitudes toward genetic risk scoring in medicine and beyond
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113796
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发表时间：
2021-03-05
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Conley, Dalton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Simone;Johnson, Rebecca A.;Conley, Dalton
基因组学研究的进展导致了多基因风险评分的发展，该评分在数字上总结了各种人类结果的遗传倾向。多基因风险评分最初是为了表征疾病风险而开发的，现在可以计算许多非疾病特征和社会结果，不仅有可能用于医疗保健，还可能用于其他机构领域。在这项研究中，我们利用一项对美国成年人的全国性代表性调查，研究了三组非专业人士对在各种医学和非医学领域部署遗传风险评分的态度：1。关于是否应该根据遗传倾向来判断一个人的抽象信念; 2.对是否应允许各机构使用遗传信息的具体态度; 3.个人愿意向各种机构提供遗传信息。结果表明，这三种态度之间存在两个显著差异。第一，尽管几乎普遍同意不应根据遗传学来评判人，但仍有不同的人支持允许机构使用遗传信息，其中对疾病结果和生殖决策的支持最高。我们进一步发现，提供此类信息的个人意愿存在显着差异，大多数受访者表示愿意向医疗保健提供者和相关查找服务提供信息，但不到四分之一的受访者表示愿意为其他机构和服务提供信息。第二，虽然受访者没有人口统计学差异？关于基于遗传学的判断的抽象信念，人口统计学差异出现在允许性评级和个人意愿中。我们的研究结果应该告知有关在医学内外领域部署多基因评分的辩论。
Advances in genomics research have led to the development of polygenic risk scores, which numerically summarize genetic predispositions for a wide array of human outcomes. Initially developed to characterize disease risk, polygenic risk scores can now be calculated for many non-disease traits and social outcomes, with the potential to be used not only in health care but also other institutional domains. In this study, we draw on a nationally-representative survey of U.S. adults to examine three sets of lay attitudes toward the deployment of genetic risk scores in a variety of medical and non-medical domains: 1. abstract belief about whether people should be judged on the basis of genetic predispositions; 2. concrete attitudes about whether various institutions should be permitted to use genetic information; and 3. personal willingness to provide genetic information to various institutions. Results demonstrate two striking differences across these three sets of attitudes. First, despite almost universal agreement that people should not be judged based on genetics, there is support, albeit varied, for institutions being permitted to use genetic information, with support highest for disease outcomes and in reproductive decision-making. We further find significant variation in personal willingness to provide such information, with a majority of respondents expressing willingness to provide information to health care providers and relative finder services, but less than a quarter expressing willingness to do so for an array of other institutions and services. Second, while there are no demographic differences in respondents? abstract beliefs about judging based on genetics, demographic differences emerge in permissibility ratings and personal willingness. Our results should inform debates about the deployment of polygenic scores in domains within and beyond medicine.