Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Evolution of Edaphic Association in the European Oreophytes Sempervivum and Jovibarba (Crassulaceae)
Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Evolution of Edaphic Association in the European Oreophytes Sempervivum and Jovibarba (Crassulaceae)
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DOI：
10.1086/677948
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Johannes T. Klein;J. Kadereit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johannes T. Klein;J. Kadereit
研究的前提。本文对欧洲及邻近地区山地植物群中两个重生属——仙活草属（Sempervivum）和乔薇芭属（Jovibarba）的系统发育、生物地理历史和土壤关联演变进行了重建。方法。利用两个核标记（内部转录间隔区和部分基因间间隔区）和三个叶绿体DNA标记（atpI-atpH， rps16-内含子，trnQ-rps16），我们得到了两个属中44个物种之间和内部关系的分子系统发育假说。这一系统发育被用于重建祖先分布区域和土壤组合的演化。关键的结果。我们的分析表明，Sempervivum和Jovibarba是单系姐妹属。在我们的核系统发育中恢复了几个得到很好支持的属内分支，这些分支通常不被我们的叶绿体数据所支持。这种不一致很可能是杂交的结果。这两个属之间的分裂发生在大约500万至900万年前，与欧洲阿尔卑斯系统的主要隆起同期。这种分裂最好的解释是一种变异事件，导致了更西侧分布的永生草和更东侧分布的约维芭草。大多数属内多样化发生在过去~ 200万年。永保生源的祖先欧洲分布区域通过一次向北非的长距离扩散事件和三次向西南亚的长距离扩散事件而扩大。我们对土壤关联的重建揭示了主要从钙化到钙化的转变。这些转变大多发生在区域内，它们的时间和地理环境表明它们是由第四纪气候振荡响应的范围移动引起的。结论。这两个属中现存的物种绝大多数起源于第四纪，所有主要的范围转移都发生在这一时期。关于土壤关联的变化，我们假设气候变化要么迫使种群进入土壤不适宜的栖息地，要么允许种群在新的可用但土壤不适宜的栖息地定居。
Premise of research. We reconstructed the phylogeny, biogeographical history, and evolution of edaphic association in Sempervivum and Jovibarba (Crassulaceae), two oreophytic genera of the mountain flora of Europe and adjacent areas. Methodology. Using two nuclear markers (internal transcribed spacer and parts of intergenic spacer) and three chloroplast DNA markers (atpI-atpH, rps16-intron, trnQ-rps16) for 44 of the 48 species recognized in the two genera, we obtained a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis on relationships between and within the two genera. This phylogeny was dated and used for the reconstruction of ancestral distribution areas and the evolution of edaphic association. Pivotal results. Our analyses showed that Sempervivum and Jovibarba are monophyletic sister genera. Several well-supported intrageneric clades were recovered in our nuclear phylogeny, which generally were not supported by our chloroplast data. This incongruence most likely results from hybridization. The split between the two genera took place ∼5–9 million years ago, contemporary with the major uplift of the European Alpine System. This split is best explained as a vicariance event resulting in a more westerly distributed Sempervivum and a more easterly distributed Jovibarba. Most intrageneric diversification took place within the past ∼2 million years. The ancestrally European distribution area of Sempervivum was expanded by one long-distance dispersal event into northern Africa and three long-distance dispersal events into Southwest Asia. Our reconstruction of edaphic association revealed mainly transitions from calcifuge to calcicole. Most of these transitions took place regionally, and their timing and geographical setting suggest that they were caused by range shifts in response to Quaternary climatic oscillations. Conclusions. The large majority of extant species in the two genera originated in the Quaternary, and all major range shifts took place in this period. With respect to changes in edaphic association, we hypothesize that climatic changes either forced populations into edaphically unsuitable habitats or allowed populations to colonize newly available but edaphically unsuitable habitats.