Human schistosomiasis.
Human schistosomiasis.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61949-2
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发表时间：
2014-06-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
King CH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colley DG;Bustinduy AL;Secor WE;King CH
人类血吸虫病是一种由血吸虫属吸虫引起的寄生虫病。据保守估计，全世界至少有2.3亿人感染血吸虫。成虫蠕虫在人体血管中多年，成功地避开了免疫系统，每天排出数百至数千个卵，这些卵要么在排泄物中离开身体，要么被困在附近的组织中。捕获的虫卵诱导明显的免疫介导的肉芽肿反应，导致局部和全身病理学效应，范围从贫血、生长发育迟缓、认知受损和体能下降到器官特异性效应，如重度肝脾功能不全、门静脉周围纤维化伴门静脉高压症和泌尿生殖道炎症和瘢痕形成。目前，流行地区的预防性公共卫生措施包括每1年或2年用异喹啉酮药物吡喹酮治疗一次，以抑制发病率。在一些地方，消除传播是目前的目标;然而，在实地和诊所都需要更敏感的诊断，并需要综合环境和保健管理，以确保消除。
Human schistosomiasis—or bilharzia—is a parasitic disease caused by trematode flukes of the genus Schistosoma. By conservative estimates, at least 230 million people worldwide are infected with Schistosoma spp. Adult schistosome worms colonise human blood vessels for years, successfully evading the immune system while excreting hundreds to thousands of eggs daily, which must either leave the body in excreta or become trapped in nearby tissues. Trapped eggs induce a distinct immune-mediated granulomatous response that causes local and systemic pathological effects ranging from anaemia, growth stunting, impaired cognition, and decreased physical fitness, to organ-specific effects such as severe hepatosplenism, periportal fibrosis with portal hypertension, and urogenital inflammation and scarring. At present, preventive public health measures in endemic regions consist of treatment once every 1 or 2 years with the isoquinolinone drug, praziquantel, to suppress morbidity. In some locations, elimination of transmission is now the goal; however, more sensitive diagnostics are needed in both the field and clinics, and integrated environmental and health-care management will be needed to ensure elimination.