Exosomal membrane molecules are potent immune response modulators.
Exosomal membrane molecules are potent immune response modulators.
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DOI：
10.4161/cib.3.5.12474
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Anand, Paras K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anand, Paras K
Exosome是在形成多囊泡体(MVB)的过程中形成的内吞体源小泡(40-100 nm)。有时，MVB与质膜融合，将其管腔内的囊泡释放到细胞外介质中，这些介质随后被称为外体。不同类型的细胞如B细胞、树突状细胞、血小板、网织红细胞和巨噬细胞都可以释放外切体，目前这一领域的研究更多地集中在抗原提呈细胞释放的外切体上。外切体最近被证明具有免疫调节作用，其启动免疫反应的机制也开始出现。除了存在于外体管腔内的分子外，有人认为某些外体膜分子可以与靶细胞上的表面受体相互作用，从而诱导免疫调节反应。在这篇综述中，我们对存在于外膜上的两种免疫原性分子Hsp70和Galectin-5启动这一反应进行了详细的讨论。
Exosomes are endosome-derived vesicles (40-100 nm) formed during the formation of multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs). Occasionally, the MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane releasing their intra-luminal vesicles into the extracellular media, which are then known as exosomes. Different cell types such as B-cells, dendritic cells, platelets, reticulocytes and macrophages can release exosomes and current research in this area is more focused towards exosomes released by antigen-presenting cells. Exosomes have recently been shown to be immunomodulatory and the mechanism of immune response initiation by them is beginning to emerge. Besides molecules present inside the lumen of exosomes, it has been suggested that certain exosomal membrane molecules can interact with their surface receptors on the target cells thereby inducing an immunomodulatory response. In this review, Hsp70 and galectin-5, two immunogenic molecules present on exosomal membrane, are discussed in detail for initiating this response.