Standardizing Selection Strengths to Study Selection in the Wild: A Critical Comparison and Suggestions for the Future
Standardizing Selection Strengths to Study Selection in the Wild: A Critical Comparison and Suggestions for the Future
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DOI：
10.1525/bio.2012.62.12.6
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Dieckmann, Ulf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsumura, Shuichi;Arlinghaus, Robert;Dieckmann, Ulf
我们批判性地回顾了标准化和比较性状，种群和物种之间的选择差异和梯度的主要方法，并评估其差异的优点。特别是，我们解释了为什么最普遍的方法来标准化选择，测量选择差异的性状的表型标准差的单位，是不太合适的野生种群中的自然选择的优势的特点。相比之下，另一种标准化方法除了使用性状的标准差外，还使用性状的表型平均值，从而产生另一种无量纲度量：平均标准化选择梯度。这种方法提供了一些关键的好处，如易于解释，性状的方差的独立性，以及生态和进化动力学的自然相互作用，但它仍然很少被进化生物学家使用。我们解释了如何更常规的应用程序，这一措施将有利于在野生性状，种群和物种之间的选择强度的比较。
We critically review the main approaches for standardizing and comparing selection differentials and gradients among traits, populations, and species and assess their differential merits. In particular, we explain why the most widespread approach to standardizing selection, which measures selection differentials in units of a trait's phenotypic standard deviation, is less appropriate for characterizing the strengths of natural selection in wild populations. In contrast, an alternative standardization approach that uses a trait's phenotypic mean in addition to its standard deviation results in another dimensionless measure: the mean-standardized selection gradient. This measure offers some key benefits over alternative approaches, such as ease of interpretation, independence of a trait's variance, and the natural interplay of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and yet it remains rarely used by evolutionary biologists. We explain how the more routine application of this measure will facilitate comparisons of selection strengths in the wild among traits, populations, and species.