Do Better-Educated Couples Share Domestic Work More Equitably in Japan? It Depends on the Day of the Week
Do Better-Educated Couples Share Domestic Work More Equitably in Japan? It Depends on the Day of the Week
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DOI：
10.3138/jcfs-52-2-006
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Chiba, Ryota
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hertog, Ekaterina;Kan, Man-Yee;Chiba, Ryota
本文调查了当代日本已婚夫妇中不同类型家务劳动中的性别分工。我们利用2016年时间利用和休闲活动调查（日本全国时间日记调查）对清洁和烹饪等日常家务、房屋维修等非常规家务以及护理工作进行分析。我们的核心分析是使用普通最小二乘 (OLS) 回归对总家务工作时间、常规家务时间、非常规家务时间和护理时间进行的。我们发现，女性的家务劳动时间远远超过男性，而且根据一周中的每一天和受教育程度的不同，女性的家务劳动时间也存在一些差异。平日里，家务劳动几乎完全是女性的职责。在周末，我们发现男性和女性都有补偿行为的证据。男性，尤其是受过大学教育的男性，从事各种类型的无偿工作，而女性，尤其是受过高等教育的男性，主要通过花更多时间照顾孩子来从事无偿工作。从分担家务劳动的家庭平衡来看，我们发现男性在周末从事无偿工作的时间比例比女性更多。因此，在夫妻中，妻子在周末承担的所有类型的无偿工作比工作日减少了 10% 左右。在妻子受过高等教育的夫妇中，周末做家务的时间比工作日还要减少几个百分点。我们的研究结果表明，日本男性的长时间工作导致了在家务工作参与方面的性别不平等。我们还发现，大学教育与更平等地分担家庭工作量有关，这表明社会化可能在未来家庭领域实现更大的平等主义方面发挥作用。
This paper investigates the gendered division of labor in different types of domestic work within married couples in contemporary Japan. We analyze routine housework such as cleaning and cooking, non-routine housework such as home repairs, and care work by using the 2016 Survey of Time Use and Leisure Activities (Japan's national time diary survey). Our core analysis is done using ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions on total domestic work time, routine housework time, non-routine housework time, and care time. We find that women's domestic work time dwarfs men's, and there is some variation by day of the week and education. On weekdays domestic work is almost exclusively the domain of women. On weekends we find evidence of compensatory behaviors for both men and women. Men, especially those with university education, catch up on all types of unpaid work while women, especially those with tertiary education, catch up on unpaid work mostly by spending more time caring for children. Looking at the family balance in sharing domestic labor we find that men increase their time on unpaid work on weekends proportionately more than women do. Consequently, within couples, wives' share of all types of unpaid work is around 10% smaller on weekends compared to weekdays. In couples where wives have tertiary education, there is an additional reduction by several percentage points in their weekend share of domestic work time compared to weekdays. Our findings suggest that Japanese men's long work hours contribute to gender inequality in domestic work participation. We also find that university education is associated with more equal sharing of domestic workload, indicating that socialization may play a role in bringing about greater egalitarianism in the domestic sphere in the future.