Yield and water use of irrigated tropical aerobic rice, systems
Yield and water use of irrigated tropical aerobic rice, systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2004.11.007
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Visperas, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouman, BAM;Peng, S;Visperas, RM
日益严重的水资源短缺需要发展灌溉水稻系统，这种系统比传统的淹水水稻需要更少的水。在灌溉旱稻系统中，水稻生长在补充灌溉下的非水淹和非饱和土壤中。这种系统的发展应首先确定有前途的品种和量化的产量潜力，水的使用，田间水流出，和水的生产力。本文在分析了现有文献的基础上，2001-2003年，在菲律宾国际水稻研究所，我们报道了不同热带高地和低地稻品种在灌溉好氧条件下的6个生长季的结果，在好氧条件下，改良的高地品种阿波在旱季实现了最高产量低地杂交稻Magat（6 t ha（-1））。这些高产是在相对湿润的土壤中获得的，根区季节平均土壤水分张力为1012 kPa，最大值约为40 kPa。平均而言，所有品种的平均产量是在有氧条件下比在淹水条件下低32%，在旱季和雨季低22%。总灌水量为1240-1880 mm，旱作为790-1430 mm。平均而言，在土地准备中，需氧田使用的水少190毫米，渗漏和渗滤少250-300毫米，蒸发少80毫米，蒸腾少25毫米。在没有塑料薄膜防止渗漏的情况下，水稻在有氧条件下的水分生产率（相对于降雨和灌溉水输入）比在淹水条件下高32-88%。我们的结论是，旱稻的概念为那些没有足够的水来种植淹水低地水稻的农民带来了希望。需要更多地研究改良品种的开发、作物和水管理的优化以及连作条件下旱稻的可持续性。(c)2004 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Increasing water scarcity necessitates the development of irrigated rice systems that require less water than traditional flooded rice. In irrigated aerobic rice systems, rice grows in nonflooded and nonsaturated soil under supplemental irrigation. The development of such systems should start with the identification of promising varieties and the quantification of yield potential, water use, field water outflows, and water productivity. In this paper, we report on the results of growing different tropical upland and lowland rice varieties under irrigated aerobic conditions during six seasons in 2001-2003 at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines.The highest yields under aerobic conditions were realized in the dry season with the improved upland variety Apo (5.7 t ha(-1)) and the lowland hybrid rice Magat (6 t ha(-1)). These high yields were obtained in relatively wet soil with seasonal-average soil moisture tensions in the root zone of 1012 kPa and with maximum values of around 40 kPa. On average, the mean yield of all varieties was 32% lower under aerobic conditions than under flooded conditions in the dry,season and 22% lower in the wet season. Total water input was 1240-1880 mm in flooded fields and 790-1430 mm in aerobic fields. On average, aerobic fields used 190 mm less water in land preparation, and had 250-300 mm less seepage and percolation, 80 mm less evaporation, and 25 mm less transpiration than flooded fields. Without plastic sheets to prevent seepage in flooded fields, the water productivity of rice (with respect to rainfall and irrigation water input) under aerobic conditions was 32-88% higher than under flooded conditions. We conclude that the concept of aerobic rice holds promise for farmers that do not have access to enough water to grow flooded lowland rice. More research is needed into the development of improved varieties, the optimization of crop and water management, and the sustainability of aerobic rice under continuous cropping. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.