CALORIMETRIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT CASTES OF HONEY-BEES, APIS-MELLIFERA-CARNICA
CALORIMETRIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT CASTES OF HONEY-BEES, APIS-MELLIFERA-CARNICA
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00398337
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发表时间：
1992-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
SCHRICKER, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FAHRENHOLZ, L;LAMPRECHT, I;SCHRICKER, B
在20、25和30℃的温度下，对不同年龄和等级的蜜蜂进行了量热研究。实验通过内窥镜在可见光和近红外范围内观察昆虫，并通过声学监测和随后的各种运动活动频率分析完成。本文的直接量热结果与文献中的间接量热数据进行了比较，呼吸商分别为1.00和21.13 J。两种方法之间的一致性通常是好的。结果表明，工蜂在30℃、25℃和20℃条件下的产热率随年龄增长分别为5.6、3.7和40.0。在觅食蜂群中，发热量随着群体规模的增加而减少，约为孤立蜜蜂发热量的6%。一个可育的蚁后或一窝幼虫的存在显著地减少了一个小工蜂群体的热量输出。成年雄蜂的代谢率（在20摄氏度时高达19.7倍）比能量-时间曲线波动剧烈的幼蜂高得多。可育蜂王的产热率不如未育蜂王明显（在30度时为54%，在25度时为87%，在20度时为77%）。年轻的蜂王比成年蜂王更容易产生热量。无帽窝和有帽窝的产热量都很低，不到新出工蜂的30%。在大多数情况下，温度对代谢水平表现出显著的影响，尽管其迹象在种姓之间甚至在种姓内部都是不均匀的。运动活动很容易通过声波频谱（0-7.5 kHz）记录下来，并且与内窥镜观察和量热痕迹很好地一致。
Honey bees of different age and castes were investigated calorimetrically at 20, 25 and 30-degrees-C. Experiments were completed by endoscopic observation of the insects in the visible and the near infrared range and by acoustical monitoring and subsequent frequency analysis of various locomotor activities. Direct calorimetric results of this paper are compared with data of indirect calorimetry from the literature using a respiratory quotient of 1.00 and 21.13 J consumed. Agreements between both methods are generally good. The results show that weight-specific heat production rates increase with age of worker bees by a factor of 5.6 at 30-degrees-C, 3.7 at 25-degrees-C and 40.0 at 20-degrees-C. In groups of foragers the heat production decreases with growing group size to around 6% of the value for an isolated bee. The presence of a fertile queen or of brood reduces the heat output of a small worker group significantly. Adult drones exhibit a much higher metabolic rate (up to 19.7-fold at 20-degrees-C) than juveniles with strong fluctuations in the power-time curves. Fertile queens show a less pronounced heat production rate than virgin queens (54% at 30-degrees-C, 87% at 25-degrees-C and 77% at 20-degrees-C). Calorimetric unrest is much higher for young than for adult queens. Heat production is very low in both uncapped and capped brood and less than 30% of that of a newly emerged worker. In most cases temperature showed a significant influence on the metabolic level, although its sign was not homogeneous between the castes or even within them. Locomotor activities are easily recorded by the acoustic frequency spectrum (0-7.5 kHz) and in good agreement with endoscopic observations and calorimetric traces.