Disentangling the influence of parasite genotype, host genotype and maternal environment on different stages of bacterial infection in Daphnia magna
Disentangling the influence of parasite genotype, host genotype and maternal environment on different stages of bacterial infection in Daphnia magna
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2012.0509
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发表时间：
2012-08-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Ebert, Dieter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall, Matthew D.;Ebert, Dieter
当接触寄生虫时，个体的传染病严重程度自然有所不同。将这种变异分解为遗传和环境成分可以揭示这种变异是否取决于宿主基因型、寄生虫基因型或一系列环境条件。然而，使这项任务变得复杂的是，疾病的症状是由一系列事件的综合影响引起的，从宿主和寄生虫之间的最初相遇，到宿主免疫系统的激活和宿主资源的利用。在这里，我们利用甲壳类动物大型水蚤及其寄生虫巴斯德氏菌来展示在感染的不同阶段理清遗传和环境因素如何提高我们对传染病形成过程的理解。使用兼容的宿主-寄生虫组合，我们通过实验排除寄生虫穿透宿主能力的变化，从寄生虫清除、宿主繁殖力降低和寄生虫增殖的措施中排除。我们展示了寄生虫抵抗力如何由环境敏感性不同的两个组成部分组成，母体环境如何影响宿主内感染过程的所有测量方面，以及寄生虫渗透到宿主体内后宿主与寄生虫的相互作用如何具有独特的时间成分。
Individuals naturally vary in the severity of infectious disease when exposed to a parasite. Dissecting this variation into genetic and environmental components can reveal whether or not this variation depends on the host genotype, parasite genotype or a range of environmental conditions. Complicating this task, however, is that the symptoms of disease result from the combined effect of a series of events, from the initial encounter between a host and parasite, through to the activation of the host immune system and the exploitation of host resources. Here, we use the crustacean Daphnia magna and its parasite Pasteuria ramosa to show how disentangling genetic and environmental factors at different stages of infection improves our understanding of the processes shaping infectious disease. Using compatible host-parasite combinations, we experimentally exclude variation in the ability of a parasite to penetrate the host, from measures of parasite clearance, the reduction in host fecundity and the proliferation of the parasite. We show how parasite resistance consists of two components that vary in environmental sensitivity, how the maternal environment influences all measured aspects of the within-host infection process and how host-parasite interactions following the penetration of the parasite into the host have a distinct temporal component.