Patterns of Routes of Administration and Drug Tampering for Nonmedical Opioid Consumption: Data Mining and Content Analysis of Reddit Discussions.
Patterns of Routes of Administration and Drug Tampering for Nonmedical Opioid Consumption: Data Mining and Content Analysis of Reddit Discussions.
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DOI：
10.2196/21212
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发表时间：
2021-01-04
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Schifanella R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balsamo D;Bajardi P;Salomone A;Schifanella R
过去20年来，美国阿片类药物流行的复杂演变一直是大量医学和药理学研究的主题，它引发了一场多学科的讨论，即如何实施干预措施和政策，以有效控制其对公共健康的影响。这项研究利用社交媒体平台Reddit作为调查阿片类药物危机的主要数据来源。我们的目标是找到一大批对讨论阿片类药物的使用感兴趣的Reddit用户，追踪他们兴趣的时间演变，并广泛描述阿片类药物的非医疗消费模式，重点是给药途径和药物篡改。我们使用半自动信息检索算法来识别讨论非医用阿片类药物消费的次要信息，并开发了一种基于单词嵌入的方法来寻找涉及阿片类物质、给药途径和药物篡改方法的替代口语化和非医学术语。我们模拟了对采用物质和给药途径的偏好，估计了它们的流行率和时间展开。最终，通过基于共同提及的优势比评估，我们测量了阿片类物质、给药途径和药物篡改之间的关联强度。我们确定了从2014年到2018年讨论非医用阿片类药物使用的32个分类，并观察了超过86,000名Reddit用户对可能涉及第一手阿片类药物使用的兴趣的演变。我们学习了阿片类药物消费的语言模型，并提供了阿片类物质、给药途径和药物篡改的替代词汇。提出了一种数据驱动的非医疗给药途径分类法。我们通过对阿片类物质的使用情况和给药途径进行排名，观察相关趋势，例如芬太尼等合成阿片类药物的激增和对直肠给药的兴趣，对阿片类药物消费兴趣的时间演变进行了建模。此外，我们测量了药物篡改、给药途径和物质消耗之间的关联强度，找到了未被充分研究的滥用行为的证据，如咀嚼芬太尼贴片和舌下溶解丁丙诺啡。这项工作使用Reddit的数据调查了阿片类药物流行的一些与消费相关的重要方面。我们相信，我们的方法可能为更全面地理解阿片类药物的非医疗滥用提供一个新的视角，并为预防、治疗和控制公共卫生影响提供信息。
The complex unfolding of the US opioid epidemic in the last 20 years has been the subject of a large body of medical and pharmacological research, and it has sparked a multidisciplinary discussion on how to implement interventions and policies to effectively control its impact on public health. This study leverages Reddit, a social media platform, as the primary data source to investigate the opioid crisis. We aimed to find a large cohort of Reddit users interested in discussing the use of opioids, trace the temporal evolution of their interest, and extensively characterize patterns of the nonmedical consumption of opioids, with a focus on routes of administration and drug tampering. We used a semiautomatic information retrieval algorithm to identify subreddits discussing nonmedical opioid consumption and developed a methodology based on word embedding to find alternative colloquial and nonmedical terms referring to opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug-tampering methods. We modeled the preferences of adoption of substances and routes of administration, estimating their prevalence and temporal unfolding. Ultimately, through the evaluation of odds ratios based on co-mentions, we measured the strength of association between opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug tampering. We identified 32 subreddits discussing nonmedical opioid usage from 2014 to 2018 and observed the evolution of interest among over 86,000 Reddit users potentially involved in firsthand opioid usage. We learned the language model of opioid consumption and provided alternative vocabularies for opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug tampering. A data-driven taxonomy of nonmedical routes of administration was proposed. We modeled the temporal evolution of interest in opioid consumption by ranking the popularity of the adoption of opioid substances and routes of administration, observing relevant trends, such as the surge in synthetic opioids like fentanyl and an increasing interest in rectal administration. In addition, we measured the strength of association between drug tampering, routes of administration, and substance consumption, finding evidence of understudied abusive behaviors, like chewing fentanyl patches and dissolving buprenorphine sublingually. This work investigated some important consumption-related aspects of the opioid epidemic using Reddit data. We believe that our approach may provide a novel perspective for a more comprehensive understanding of nonmedical abuse of opioids substances and inform the prevention, treatment, and control of the public health effects.
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影响因子：
64.3
作者：
Curtis, Helen J.;Croker, Richard;Goldacre, Ben
通讯作者：
Goldacre, Ben
DOI：
10.1056/nejmp0900702
发表时间：
2009-05-21
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brownstein JS;Freifeld CC;Madoff LC
通讯作者：
Madoff LC
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Butler SF;Black RA;Cassidy TA;Dailey TM;Budman SH
通讯作者：
Budman SH
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Butler, Stephen F.;Budman, Simon H.;Katz, Nathaniel
通讯作者：
Katz, Nathaniel
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Ciccarone, Daniel
通讯作者：
Ciccarone, Daniel