The paradox of the parasites: implications for biological invasion
The paradox of the parasites: implications for biological invasion
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2003.0056
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发表时间：
2003-11-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Drake, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drake, JM
生物入侵的敌人释放假说假定，由于没有共同进化的天敌，入侵物种在它们引入的范围内可能比在它们的原生范围内更成功。最近支持这一假设的研究发现，引进的动植物在其引入的范围内的寄生率低于在其原生范围内的寄生程度。在这一理论的基础上，我假设敌人释放的作用可能在入侵的引入、建立和传播阶段有所不同。我提出了一个简单的模型，表明寄生虫的释放不太可能对有和没有免疫亚群的种群的建立机会产生很大影响。引入的个体数量和建立的机会之间的具体数字关系取决于毒力(在这里被概念化为一个谱系灭绝的机会)和引入时感染的种群比例之间的关系。这些结果支持“过滤效应”的观点，即不同的生物过程调节入侵的不同阶段。
The enemy-release hypothesis for biological invasions supposes that invasive species may be more successful in their introduced ranges than in their native ranges owing to the absence of coevolved natural enemies. Recent studies supporting this hypothesis have found that introduced plants and animals are less parasitized in their introduced ranges than in their native ranges. Expanding on this theory, I hypothesize that the role of enemy release may differ among the introduction, establishment and spread phases of an invasion. I present a simple model indicating that parasite release is unlikely to greatly affect the chance of establishment in populations with and without an immune sub-population. The specific numerical relationship between the number of individuals introduced and the chance of establishment depends on a relationship between virulence, here conceptualized as the chance for the extinction of a lineage, and the fraction of the population infected at introduction. These results support the idea of a 'filter effect' in which different biological processes regulate the different phases of an invasion.