Recent progress in understanding marine-terminating Arctic outlet glacier response to climatic and oceanic forcing

Recent progress in understanding marine-terminating Arctic outlet glacier response to climatic and oceanic forcing
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了解海洋终止的北极出口冰川对气候和海洋强迫的响应的最新进展

DOI:
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发表时间:
2013
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
A. Vieli
A. Vieli
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
J. Carr;C. Stokes;A. Vieli

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直到最近,人们还认为北极冰块会对数千年的气候/海洋作用力做出反应,但在过去二十年中进行的观测从根本上改变了这一观点,并表明海洋终止出口冰川可以在每年的时间尺度上发生剧烈的动态变化。本文回顾了在过去的20年中,当许多冰块迅速失去质量时,我们在了解海洋终止北极出口冰川行为和海洋气候系统之间的联系方面取得的实质性进展。具体而言,我们评估三个主要的气候/海洋出口冰川动态控制,即空气温度,海洋温度和海冰浓度,并讨论它们之间的关键联系。尽管最近取得了进展,但海洋终端出口冰川对这些强迫的反应仍然存在很大的不确定性,最值得注意的是:(1)每个因素相对重要性的空间变化;(2)冰川特定因素对冰川动力学的贡献;以及(3)我们准确模拟海洋终端出口冰川行为的能力有限。我们目前的理解使我们无法确定适用于整个北极的出口冰川对强迫的响应模式,我们强调从一小部分研究冰川中推断质量损失率的潜在危险。
Until relatively recently, it was assumed that Arctic ice masses would respond to climatic/oceanic forcing over millennia, but observations made during the past two decades have radically altered this viewpoint and have demonstrated that marine-terminating outlet glaciers can undergo dramatic dynamic change at annual timescales. This paper reviews the substantial progress made in our understanding of the links between marine-terminating Arctic outlet glacier behaviour and the ocean-climate system during the past 20 years, when many ice masses have rapidly lost mass. Specifically, we assess three primary climatic/oceanic controls on outlet glacier dynamics, namely air temperature, ocean temperature and sea ice concentrations, and discuss key linkages between them. Despite recent progress, significant uncertainty remains over the response of marine-terminating outlet glaciers to these forcings, most notably: (1) the spatial variation in the relative importance of each factor; (2), the contribution of glacier-specific factors to glacier dynamics; and (3) the limitations in our ability to accurately model marine-terminating outlet glacier behaviour. Our present understanding precludes us from identifying patterns of outlet glacier response to forcing that are applicable across the Arctic and we underscore the potential danger of extrapolating rates of mass loss from a small sample of study glaciers.
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