Simulation of rainfall–runoff processes in karst catchment considering the impact of karst depression based on the tank model
Simulation of rainfall–runoff processes in karst catchment considering the impact of karst depression based on the tank model
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DOI：
10.1007/s12517-021-06515-7
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发表时间：
2021-02
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xianmeng Meng;Meng Huang;Dengfeng Liu;Maosheng Yin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xianmeng Meng;Meng Huang;Dengfeng Liu;Maosheng Yin
岩溶洼地在岩溶流域径流生成和浓缩过程中发挥着重要作用。雨水往往首先储存在岩溶洼地中，然后再流向集水区出口。然而，考虑岩溶洼地影响的径流过程模拟方法却鲜有报道。为了填补这一概念和技术空白，我们在本研究中提出了一个考虑喀斯特洼地作用的概念水文模型。在每个子流域的每个网格处建立与两个土池耦合的三串联池模型，以模拟地表径流、互流、地下水径流和土壤湿度动态。在水流集中过程中，各个网格的地表径流被其下游的岩溶洼地所减少。地表径流损失受岩溶洼地及相应子流域面积比例控制。河道选线是基于Muskingum 方法进行的。概念水文模型在中国湖北省的一个小型喀斯特流域哈马井流域得到了进一步的校准和验证。结果表明，所提出的模型总体上能够很好地再现径流的产生和浓缩过程。 Nash-Sutcliffe 效率 (NSE) 系数在校准期间为 0.85，在验证期间为 0.78。校准和验证期间的均方根误差分别为 6.24 m3/s 和 5.35 m3/s。敏感性分析表明，第一个水箱相关参数对仿真结果最为敏感，而第二、第三个水箱相关参数的变化对仿真结果影响不显着。另外，岩溶洼地面积比例对岩溶流域径流过程也有较大影响。该概念模型提供了一种模拟喀斯特地区水文过程的简单方法。
Karst depressions play an important role in runoff generation and concentration processes of karst catchments. Storm water tends to be stored in karst depressions firstly before routing to the catchment outlet. However, simulating methods of runoff processes considering the impact of karst depressions are rarely reported. To fill this concept and technology gap, we propose a conceptual hydrological model considering the role of karst depressions in this study. A three serial tank model coupled with two soil tanks is established at each grid in each subcatchment, to simulate surface runoff, interflow, groundwater runoff, and soil moisture dynamics. During the process of flow concentration, surface runoff from each grid is reduced by karst depressions at its lower reach. The surface runoff loss is controlled by the area ratio of karst depression and corresponding subcatchment. River channel routing is carried out based on the Muskingum approach. The conceptual hydrological model is further calibrated and validated over the Hamajing catchment, a small karst catchment in Hubei Province, China. Results show that the proposed model can generally reproduce the runoff generation and concentration processes well. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient is 0.85 during the calibration period and 0.78 in the validation period. Root mean squared errors are 6.24 m3/s and 5.35 m3/s during calibration and validation periods respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the parameters related to the first tank are most sensitive to the simulation results, whereas the change of parameters related to the second and third tanks cannot significantly influence the simulation results. Additionally, the area ratio of karst depression has great influence on the runoff processes in karst catchment. This proposed conceptual model provides a simple approach to simulate the hydrological processes in karst region.