The antennal motor system of the stick insect Carausius morosus:: anatomy and antennal movement pattern during walking
The antennal motor system of the stick insect Carausius morosus:: anatomy and antennal movement pattern during walking
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DOI：
10.1007/s003590100183
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Kittmann, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dürr, V;König, Y;Kittmann, R
竹节虫Carausius morosus在移动过程中不断移动其触角。主动触角运动可能反映了触角作为触觉探针的就业。因此，本研究处理两个基本方面的触角运动系统：第一，解剖触角关节，肌肉，神经和运动神经元的描述和讨论与其他物种相比。其次，分析了触角的典型运动模式，并描述了其与腿部运动的时空协调性。每个天线由两个单轴铰链关节移动。近端头颈关节由两个提上睑肌和一个三叉降睑肌控制。远端的肩胛骨脚/关节由一对对立的外展肌/内收肌控制。三条神经支配触角肌肉，包含14-17个运动神经元的轴突，包括一个共同的抑制剂。在行走过程中，触角运动的模式是有节奏的，并与腿的运动时空耦合。触角外展/内收周期导致同侧前腿的伸出/缩回周期具有稳定的相移。在一个外展/内收周期中，通常有两个升降周期，然而，与水平分量相比，时间耦合不那么严格。预测的触角接触与方形障碍物发生之前，腿部接触匹配的行为表现，表明在障碍物检测的积极触角运动的潜在作用。
The stick insect Carausius morosus continuously moves its antennae during locomotion. Active antennal movements may reflect employment of antennae as tactile probes. Therefore, this study treats two basic aspects of the antennal motor system: First, the anatomy of antennal joints, muscles, nerves and motoneurons is described and discussed in comparison with other species. Second, the typical movement pattern of the antennae is analysed, and its spatio-temporal coordination with leg movements described. Each antenna is moved by two single-axis hinge joints. The proximal head-scape joint is controlled by two levator muscles and a three-partite depressor muscle. The distal scape-pedice/joint is controlled by an antagonistic abductor/adductor pair. Three nerves innervate the antennal musculature, containing axons of 14-17 motoneurons, including one common inhibitor. During walking, the pattern of antennal movement is rhythmic and spatiotemporally coupled with leg movements. The antennal abduction/adduction cycle leads the protraction/retraction cycle of the ipsilateral front leg with a stable phase shift. During one abduction/adduction cycle there are typically two levation/depression cycles, however, with less strict temporal coupling than the horizontal component. Predictions of antennal contacts with square obstacles to occur before leg contacts match behavioural performance, indicating a potential role of active antennal movements in obstacle detection.